【摘要】：地圖綜合作為地圖學(xué)的核心和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一，從20世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái)始終受到學(xué)界和業(yè)界的重視和關(guān)注。由于數(shù)字環(huán)境下的地圖綜合及其復(fù)雜且求解難度大，使其成為現(xiàn)代地圖學(xué)中最具挑戰(zhàn)性和創(chuàng)新性的研究領(lǐng)域。 在地理要素中，，線要素占了80%以上，而線要素化簡(jiǎn)算法是地圖綜合領(lǐng)域中研究和應(yīng)用的最核心的內(nèi)容。線要素化簡(jiǎn)的目的是對(duì)大量冗余數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行壓縮以提取必要的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，且保持線要素的主要特征，使存儲(chǔ)量最少。本文利用彈性力學(xué)中彈性體受到外力作用發(fā)生形變，撤銷外力恢復(fù)原形的思想，將有限元方法應(yīng)用到線要素化簡(jiǎn)中，提出一種基于有限元的線要素化簡(jiǎn)算法，并將該算法應(yīng)用到基于位置的服務(wù)(Location Based Service, LBS)中。 本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括如下方面： (1)提出一種基于有限元的線要素化簡(jiǎn)算法，該算法利用有限元方法對(duì)線要素進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)，達(dá)到基于路線的化簡(jiǎn)，而不是基于點(diǎn)的化簡(jiǎn)。目前，基于有限元對(duì)地圖綜合的研究大多在位移算子方面，而對(duì)化簡(jiǎn)算子的研究較少。本文以GPS軌跡為研究對(duì)象，按照地圖縮放的比例尺進(jìn)行分級(jí)的線狀軌跡化簡(jiǎn)，提高地圖的可視性和顯示效率。 (2)該算法不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖形特征的化簡(jiǎn)，同時(shí)還實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)語(yǔ)義特征聚合分析。利用GPS軌跡的特殊性，包含時(shí)間這項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義特征，即軌跡上每個(gè)點(diǎn)都包含一個(gè)時(shí)間信息，在對(duì)圖形特征進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)的同時(shí)，可對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行聚合，完成對(duì)語(yǔ)義特征的聚合。將圖形特征化簡(jiǎn)和語(yǔ)義特征聚合在一起同時(shí)進(jìn)行，改變了傳統(tǒng)化簡(jiǎn)算法中將圖形特征和語(yǔ)義特征分離開(kāi)來(lái)的缺憾，使化簡(jiǎn)后的可讀性更強(qiáng)。 (3)基于本文提出的算法，從幾何觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，選取三個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)化簡(jiǎn)算法進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以看出本文提出的化簡(jiǎn)算法具有較好的穩(wěn)定性。 (4)結(jié)合該化簡(jiǎn)算法，實(shí)現(xiàn)具有實(shí)時(shí)地圖綜合功能的空間定位服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，其中重點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)目標(biāo)歷史軌跡的動(dòng)態(tài)化簡(jiǎn)服務(wù)、移動(dòng)目標(biāo)歷史軌跡時(shí)間特征的語(yǔ)義分析服務(wù)、移動(dòng)目標(biāo)的聚合服務(wù)，并在寧波邊防船舶監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。功能是從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索出船舶的歷史定位坐標(biāo)，在地圖上根據(jù)客戶端分辨率、比例尺大小等條件，分級(jí)的描繪歷史軌跡或化簡(jiǎn)軌跡。 本文提出的化簡(jiǎn)算法從全局出發(fā)，綜合考慮圖形特征和語(yǔ)義特征，達(dá)到基于路線的化簡(jiǎn)且具有較高的穩(wěn)定性，并保留了更多的語(yǔ)義信息，為基于位置的服務(wù)提供更加豐富的信息。
[Abstract]:As one of the core and difficult problems in cartography, map synthesis has been paid more and more attention by academia and industry since 1960's. Because map synthesis in digital environment is complicated and difficult to solve, it has become the most challenging and innovative research field in modern cartography. Among the geographical elements, the line elements account for more than 80%, and the line feature reduction algorithm is the core of the research and application in the field of map synthesis. The purpose of line feature reduction is to compress a large number of redundant data points to extract the necessary data points, and to preserve the main features of line features so as to minimize the storage capacity. In this paper, based on the idea that the elastic body is deformed by the external force, the finite element method is applied to the simplification of the linear elements, and a line element simplification algorithm based on the finite element method is proposed, in which the elastic body is deformed by the external force and the external force is removed from the original shape. The algorithm is applied to location-based service (Location Based Service, LBS). The main research work and innovations of this paper include the following aspects: (1) A line feature reduction algorithm based on finite element method is proposed, which uses the finite element method to simplify the line elements to achieve route-based simplification. Rather than a point-based simplification. At present, the research of map synthesis based on finite element is mostly in the field of displacement operator, but the research on simplification operator is less. In this paper, the GPS trajectory is taken as the research object, and the hierarchical linear trajectory reduction is carried out according to the scale of the map to improve the visibility and display efficiency of the map. (2) the algorithm not only simplifies the graphic features, but also realizes the aggregation analysis of semantic features. Taking advantage of the particularity of the GPS trajectory, it contains the semantic feature of time, that is, each point on the track contains a time information. While simplifying the graph features, we can aggregate the time and complete the aggregation of the semantic features. The simplification of graphic features and semantic features are aggregated together at the same time, which changes the shortcomings of separating graphic features from semantic features in the traditional simplification algorithm, and makes the simplified features more readable. (3) based on the algorithm proposed in this paper, three indexes are selected to evaluate the simplified algorithm from the point of view of geometry. The experimental results show that the simplification algorithm proposed in this paper has good stability. (4) based on the simplified algorithm, the spatial positioning service system with real-time map synthesis function is realized, in which the dynamic simplification service of moving target historical track and the semantic analysis service of historical track time characteristic of moving target are realized. Mobile target aggregation service, and in Ningbo frontier ship monitoring system has been applied in practice. The function is to retrieve the historical positioning coordinates of the ship from the database, and describe the historical track or the simplified track on the map according to the conditions of the client resolution, scale size and so on. The algorithm proposed in this paper considers the graph features and semantic features comprehensively from the global point of view, and achieves route-based simplification with high stability, and preserves more semantic information. Provides more information for location-based services.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P283.1

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