【摘要】：地貌是地理信息中最基本的要素之一,暈渲圖是最常用、最直觀的一種地貌表示方式。暈渲圖的繪制主要依賴(lài)于三個(gè)基本原理：幾何光學(xué)原理、半色調(diào)原理、空中透視原理。隨著科技的發(fā)展,計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)地貌暈渲逐漸取代了傳統(tǒng)的手工地貌暈渲,通過(guò)光照模型計(jì)算地表某一點(diǎn)的灰度值,得到明暗對(duì)比的地貌起伏變化。其在數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性、成圖速度方面具有非常大的優(yōu)勢(shì),但在視覺(jué)效果方面較手工繪制的暈渲圖仍有很大差距。 如今,有多種改進(jìn)方案應(yīng)用于計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)地貌暈渲,比如：調(diào)整光源、增大高程垂直比例等。在制作小比例尺地貌暈渲圖時(shí),需要對(duì)DEM數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步處理。由DEM數(shù)據(jù)生成的地貌暈渲圖通常有很多干擾的地形細(xì)節(jié),影響暈渲圖的整體效果,這種情況在小比例尺地貌暈渲圖中更加明顯�，F(xiàn)有的基于重采樣、基于各項(xiàng)異性濾波等處理DEM數(shù)據(jù)的方法存在著一些不足。本文提出一種新的去除干擾細(xì)節(jié)的小比例尺地貌暈渲圖生成方法,該方法將DEM數(shù)據(jù)整體濾波后,借助曲率屬性對(duì)特征地形進(jìn)行夸大或加深處理,再將處理后的數(shù)據(jù)生成暈渲圖。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：該方法能夠有效的移除了破碎的地形細(xì)節(jié),同時(shí)保護(hù)特征地形,生成的暈渲圖整體效果很好。
[Abstract]:Geomorphology is one of the most basic elements in geographical information, and shading map is the most commonly used and intuitionistic geomorphological representation. The drawing of shading map mainly depends on three basic principles: geometric optics principle, halftone principle and aerial perspective principle. With the development of science and technology, the computer automatic relief shading has gradually replaced the traditional manual relief shading, and the light model is used to calculate the gray value of a certain point on the surface, and the geomorphological fluctuation of the contrast between light and shade is obtained. It has great advantages in data accuracy and mapping speed, but there is still a big gap in visual effect compared with hand-drawn shading map. Nowadays, there are many improved schemes for automatic relief shading, such as adjusting light source, increasing vertical ratio of elevation and so on. The DEM data need to be further processed when making the small scale relief shading map. The relief shading map generated by DEM data usually has a lot of disturbed terrain details, which affects the overall effect of the shading map, which is more obvious in the small scale relief shading map. The existing methods for processing DEM data based on resampling and heterosexual filtering have some shortcomings. In this paper, a new method for generating small scale relief shading map is proposed. After filtering the DEM data as a whole, the shading map is generated by exaggerating or deepening the feature terrain with the help of curvature attributes. Experiments show that the method can effectively remove the detail of the broken terrain and protect the feature terrain, and the overall effect of the generated shading map is very good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P285.1;TP391.41

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