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基于GIS與RS的不同礦區(qū)礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)比研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-13 07:50
【摘要】:礦產(chǎn)資源長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的不合理開發(fā)利用,造成了各種各樣的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。在我們國(guó)家由于地質(zhì)條件的復(fù)雜和地區(qū)地理區(qū)域的差異,礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題較為突出和嚴(yán)重。但是礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)工作至今還沒(méi)有形成成熟的,被業(yè)內(nèi)專家普遍接受的方法和理論體系。在此背景條件下,基于中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局下達(dá)的“京津地區(qū)礦山開發(fā)遙感調(diào)查與監(jiān)測(cè)”項(xiàng)目,利用worldview-2數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)北京市房山門頭溝煤礦研究區(qū)與北京市密云鐵礦研究區(qū)對(duì)比研究,進(jìn)行了礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)。本次研究主要取得了以下成果: 1.選擇門頭溝-房山煤礦研究區(qū)及密云鐵礦研究區(qū),不同的研究區(qū)具有不同的地質(zhì)成礦背景、不同的礦產(chǎn)開發(fā)礦種、不同的開采方式和不同的開發(fā)程度,不同的條件對(duì)地質(zhì)環(huán)境造成不同的影響程度也各不相同,因此,對(duì)不同的研究區(qū)選擇了不同的評(píng)價(jià)因子。 2.論文選用WorldView-2數(shù)據(jù)并輔以ETM+遙感影像進(jìn)行該次研究,在多源資料的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用ARCGIS、ENVI平臺(tái),通過(guò)對(duì)其進(jìn)行圖像預(yù)處理、圖像解譯等一些列操作進(jìn)行了各評(píng)價(jià)因子的信息提取工作,并取得了良好的成果。 3.論文結(jié)合以往研究方法提出矢量多邊形結(jié)合緩沖區(qū)法的評(píng)價(jià)方法,為礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的發(fā)展提供技術(shù)支持。同時(shí),選用將層次分析結(jié)合模糊數(shù)學(xué)法進(jìn)行兩個(gè)礦區(qū)的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià),該方法結(jié)合層次分析法及模糊數(shù)學(xué)法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),,使評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加客觀,結(jié)果證明,該方法對(duì)兩個(gè)礦區(qū)均適用,并取得了很好的效果。 4.基于論文中兩個(gè)區(qū)域的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)比研究,延伸到其他礦區(qū)同樣適用。在評(píng)價(jià)體系的確立中,分析對(duì)研究區(qū)影響較大的因子并將其列為重要評(píng)價(jià)因子。對(duì)于信息量較大,且開采方式比較復(fù)雜的區(qū)域,選擇網(wǎng)格法能夠滿足該區(qū)域及相似區(qū)域的地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)工作;對(duì)于信息量較少,開采方式比較簡(jiǎn)單的區(qū)域,選擇矢量多邊形結(jié)合緩沖區(qū)法能夠滿足該區(qū)域及相似區(qū)域的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)工作。
[Abstract]:The unreasonable exploitation and utilization of mineral resources for a long time have caused various geological environmental problems in mines. Because of the complexity of geological conditions and regional geographical differences in our country, mine geological environment problems are more prominent and serious. However, the evaluation of mine geological environment has not yet formed a mature and generally accepted method and theory system by the experts in the field. Under this background, based on the project of "remote Sensing investigation and Monitoring of Mining Development in Beijing and Tianjin area" issued by the China Geological Survey, a comparative study was made between the research area of Mentougou Coal Mine in Fangshan and Miyun Iron Mine in Beijing by using worldview-2 data. The mine geological environment was evaluated. The main achievements of this study are as follows: 1. Choose Mentougou-Fangshan Coal Mine Research area and Miyun Iron Mine Research area, different research areas have different geological and metallogenic background, different mineral development minerals, Different mining methods and different development degrees, different conditions have different effects on geological environment, so different evaluation factors are selected for different research areas. 2. In this paper, WorldView-2 data and ETM remote sensing images are selected for this study. On the basis of multi-source data, we use ARCGIS,ENVI platform to preprocess the images. Some column operations, such as image interpretation, have been used to extract the information of each evaluation factor, and good results have been achieved. 3. The paper puts forward the evaluation method of vector polygon combined with buffer method, which provides technical support for the development of mine geological environment evaluation. At the same time, AHP combined with fuzzy mathematics method is selected to evaluate the geological environment of two mining areas. The method combines the advantages of AHP and fuzzy mathematics to make the evaluation results more objective. This method is applicable to both mining areas and has achieved good results. 4. Based on the comparative study of mine geological environment evaluation in two areas in this paper, it is also applicable to other mining areas. In the establishment of evaluation system, the factors which have a great influence on the study area are analyzed and listed as important evaluation factors. For the regions with large amount of information and complicated mining methods, the selection of grid method can satisfy the geological environment evaluation work in this area and similar areas. For the regions with less information and simple mining methods, the selection of vector polygon combined with buffer method can meet the needs of mine geological environment evaluation in this area and similar areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:P208;P237;X82

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