【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,環(huán)境污染事件頻繁發(fā)生,給生態(tài)環(huán)境和人民生活帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重影響,對(duì)于有效地開(kāi)展環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè),環(huán)境污染評(píng)價(jià)和突發(fā)環(huán)境污染事故應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的需求越來(lái)越迫切。工業(yè)企業(yè)是環(huán)境污染和突發(fā)環(huán)境事故的主要源頭,建立和完善環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和突發(fā)性環(huán)境污染事故的應(yīng)急機(jī)制是預(yù)防環(huán)境污染事故,減少其危害的保證。本研究以南鋼為例,通過(guò)構(gòu)建環(huán)境污染評(píng)價(jià)模型,分析南鋼環(huán)境污染狀況,并對(duì)突發(fā)環(huán)境污染事故進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,構(gòu)建基于GIS的南鋼環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)及應(yīng)急響應(yīng)系統(tǒng),為南鋼推行清潔生產(chǎn)、倡導(dǎo)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排提供了技術(shù)支撐。 研究獲得以下主要結(jié)論： (1)利用DEA方法對(duì)南鋼的生態(tài)效率進(jìn)行了分析,確定了南鋼實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)生態(tài)化的關(guān)鍵在提高節(jié)能減排的技術(shù)。 (2)利用AHP方法確定了南鋼環(huán)境污染各評(píng)價(jià)因子的權(quán)重,其排在前三位的依次是NOX和揮發(fā)酚,并利用模糊綜合法構(gòu)造了南鋼環(huán)境污染的評(píng)價(jià)模型,為南鋼提供了環(huán)境狀況預(yù)報(bào)。 (3)確定了焦?fàn)t、高爐、轉(zhuǎn)爐煤氣柜區(qū)域；存放苯、焦油、硫酸等危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的油庫(kù)區(qū)和焦化化產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)區(qū)為重大危險(xiǎn)源,并進(jìn)行了事故源項(xiàng)分析,確定了煤氣柜和高爐柜破裂泄漏源強(qiáng),CO泄漏量分別為55.7t,61.7t；煤氣管道破損泄漏源強(qiáng),CO的泄漏速度為14.2kg/s;焦化系統(tǒng)苯泄漏源強(qiáng)為苯的質(zhì)量蒸發(fā)量,苯的蒸發(fā)速度為1.5kg/s。 (4)利用變天條件下多煙團(tuán)模式,評(píng)價(jià)南鋼突發(fā)環(huán)境事故的影響,計(jì)算在風(fēng)速為1.5m/s和0.5m/s、F類穩(wěn)定度時(shí),下風(fēng)向軸線上的不利氣象條件下,CO和苯落地?cái)U(kuò)散濃度在CO和苯的各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濃度范圍內(nèi)所達(dá)到的距離范圍。 (5)基于ArcGIS, delphi及SQLServer等工具開(kāi)發(fā)了南鋼環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)及應(yīng)急響應(yīng)系統(tǒng),利用環(huán)境污染及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析,通過(guò)GIS空間圖譜實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)展示,能對(duì)污染事件進(jìn)行快速響應(yīng),在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)生成應(yīng)急預(yù)案,將事件的不良影響減到最小,損失降到最低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development, environmental pollution incidents occur frequently, which has brought serious impact to the ecological environment and people's lives. The need for environmental pollution assessment and emergency response to environmental pollution accidents is becoming more and more urgent. Industrial enterprises are the main source of environmental pollution and sudden environmental accidents. Establishing and perfecting the emergency mechanism of environmental monitoring and sudden environmental pollution accidents is the guarantee to prevent environmental pollution accidents and reduce their harm. This research takes Nangang as an example, through constructing the environmental pollution evaluation model, analyzes the environmental pollution situation of Nangang, and carries on the risk assessment to the sudden environmental pollution accident, constructs the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nangang based on GIS. It provides technical support for promoting clean production, advocating low carbon economy and realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) DEA method is used to analyze the ecological efficiency of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and the key to realize the ecological enterprise of Nangang is to improve the technology of energy saving and emission reduction. (2) the weight of environmental pollution assessment factors of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is determined by using AHP method, the top three of which are NOX and volatile phenol, and the evaluation model of environmental pollution in Nangang is constructed by fuzzy synthesis method. The forecast of environmental condition is provided for Nangang. (3) determine the area of coke oven, blast furnace and converter gas tank; The oil depot area and coking producing area where the dangerous chemicals such as benzene, tar and sulfuric acid are stored are the major dangerous sources. The accident source term is analyzed, and it is determined that the leakage source of gas tank and blast furnace tank is strong, and the leakage amount of CO is 55.7 t ~ 61.7 t respectively. The leakage rate of CO is 14.2 kg / s, and that of benzene in coking system is the mass evaporation of benzene and the evaporation rate of benzene is 1.5 kg / s. (4) the influence of sudden environmental accident in Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is evaluated by using the smoky cluster model under the condition of changing sky. When the wind speed is 1.5m/s and 0.5 m / s / s F stability, the unfavorable weather condition on the axis of downwind direction is calculated. The distance between CO and benzene diffusion concentration in the standard concentration range of CO and benzene. (5) based on the tools of ArcGIS, delphi and SQLServer, the environmental monitoring and emergency response system of Nanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd is developed. The environmental pollution and risk assessment model is used to calculate and analyze the system. Through the real-time and dynamic display of GIS spatial maps, the pollution events can be quickly responded to. The emergency plan is generated in the shortest time to minimize the adverse effects and minimize the losses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;X830

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