【摘要】：航空影像紋理豐富、色彩逼真、直觀性強,便于更新,具有良好的現(xiàn)勢性,可用于數(shù)字測圖,作為數(shù)據(jù)庫更新的底圖。普通的正射影像未考慮地表建筑物,因而影像上建筑物會出現(xiàn)傾斜、遮擋,正射影像在鑲嵌時容易出現(xiàn)接邊困難的問題。隨著成像技術的不斷提高,獲取的影像分辨率也越來越高,在高大建筑物密集區(qū),建筑物的傾斜遮擋表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。建筑物出現(xiàn)傾斜遮擋后,影像難以與其他圖件套合,嚴重時會失去地理參考價值,不能用作數(shù)據(jù)庫底圖。真正射影像能夠很好地解決上述問題。它與普通正射影像的區(qū)別在于它考慮了建筑物的投影差,能夠將建筑物的屋頂糾正到其對應的地基位置,解決普通正射影像上建筑物的遮擋問題和影像接邊難的問題。真正射影像同時兼顧了影像的視覺特征和地圖的幾何精度,探究真正射影像制作具有重要意義。真正射影像在數(shù)字微分糾正時使用的是數(shù)字表面模型DSM。正射影像的精度很大程度取決于數(shù)字表面模型的精度。數(shù)字表面模型既描述了地表面的形態(tài)又顧及了地面建筑物的高程信息,可看作是數(shù)字高程模型DEM和數(shù)字建筑物模型DBM結合,因此精確的DEM和DBM是構建DSM的前提。本文以成都理工大學無人機影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,以學校高大建筑物密集區(qū)域為例,對真正射影像制作的關鍵技術進行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容為:(1)通過影像匹配技術提取了實驗區(qū)的點云數(shù)據(jù),以得到地面點、獲取精確DEM為目的,對DEM濾波進行了探究。針對自動點云濾波不能完全得到精確的地面點,采用人工精細化點云編輯。以理工東苑建筑物為例,總結了一套針對高大建筑物密集區(qū)域的DEM精細化編輯方案。(2)基于原始數(shù)字表面模型和精編后的DEM制作正射影像,分析了存在的建筑物邊緣變形和傾斜問題。選擇基于精編DEM的正射校正影像中建筑物投影差最小的位置用于鑲嵌,并優(yōu)化鑲嵌線,一定程度上解決了建筑物傾斜、遮擋的問題。為徹底解決建筑物傾斜問題,構建了描述建筑物表面的數(shù)字模型——數(shù)字建筑物模型(DBM),采用“DEM+DBM”結合的形式重新構建了數(shù)字表面模型,該模型相較于原始數(shù)字表面模型能更加準確地描述建筑物和地表形態(tài)。(3)研究了基于DSM正射校正的“重影”問題,實現(xiàn)了影像正射校正與遮蔽區(qū)域檢測的并行處理。針對真正射影像鑲嵌線的復雜性,總結了一套基于紋理補償?shù)蔫偳毒�優(yōu)化方案,最終實現(xiàn)了真正射影像的無縫拼接,很好地解決了普通正射影像中建筑物傾斜、互相遮擋的難題。
[Abstract]:Aerial images are rich in texture, realistic in color, highly intuitive, easy to update, and have good present situation. They can be used in digital mapping and as the base map of database updating. The normal orthophoto image does not consider the surface building, so the buildings on the image will be inclined and occluded, and the problem of edge joining is easy to occur when orthophoto image is inlaid. With the improvement of imaging technology, the resolution of the obtained images is higher and higher, especially the obliquity of the buildings in the dense areas of tall buildings. It is difficult for the image to fit with other maps when the building is obliquely shaded, which will lose the geographical reference value and can not be used as the base map of the database. The real image can solve the above problem well. The difference between it and the normal orthophoto image is that it considers the projection difference of the building, can correct the roof of the building to its corresponding foundation position, and solves the problem of the block of the building and the difficulty of connecting the image edge on the common orthophoto image. The real image takes into account the visual features of the image and the geometric accuracy of the map at the same time, so it is of great significance to explore the making of the real image. The digital surface model DSM. is used in digital differential correction of real image. The accuracy of orthophoto image largely depends on the accuracy of digital surface model. The digital surface model not only describes the shape of the ground surface but also takes into account the elevation information of the ground building. It can be regarded as the combination of the digital elevation model DEM and the digital building model DBM. Therefore, accurate DEM and DBM are the premise of constructing DSM. This paper takes UAV image of Chengdu University of Technology as data source and takes the dense area of university tall buildings as an example to study the key technology of real image making. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the point cloud data of the experimental area are extracted by image matching technique, and the DEM filtering is studied in order to get the ground point and obtain the accurate DEM. Because the automatic point cloud filter can not get the accurate ground point completely, the point cloud is edited by manual refinement. Taking the Dongyuan building of science and technology as an example, this paper summarizes a set of DEM fine editing schemes for dense areas of tall buildings. (2) based on the original digital surface model and finely edited DEM, orthophoto images are made. The existing problems of building edge deformation and inclination are analyzed. The position of minimum projection difference of buildings in orthographic correction image based on DEM is selected for mosaic and the inlay line is optimized to solve the problem of obliquity and occlusion of buildings to a certain extent. In order to solve the problem of building tilt thoroughly, a digital model describing the building surface is built. The digital building model (DBM), reconstructs the digital surface model in the form of "DEM DBM". Compared with the original digital surface model, this model can describe the building and surface shape more accurately. (3) the problem of "double shadow" based on DSM orthophoto correction is studied, and the parallel processing of orthophoto correction and shaded area detection is realized. In view of the complexity of real image mosaic line, this paper summarizes a set of mosaic line optimization scheme based on texture compensation, and finally realizes the seamless mosaic of real image, which solves the problem of building tilt in normal orthophoto image. The difficulty of blocking each othe
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P231

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