【摘要】：航空影像紋理豐富、色彩逼真、直觀性強(qiáng),便于更新,具有良好的現(xiàn)勢性,可用于數(shù)字測圖,作為數(shù)據(jù)庫更新的底圖。普通的正射影像未考慮地表建筑物,因而影像上建筑物會出現(xiàn)傾斜、遮擋,正射影像在鑲嵌時容易出現(xiàn)接邊困難的問題。隨著成像技術(shù)的不斷提高,獲取的影像分辨率也越來越高,在高大建筑物密集區(qū),建筑物的傾斜遮擋表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。建筑物出現(xiàn)傾斜遮擋后,影像難以與其他圖件套合,嚴(yán)重時會失去地理參考價值,不能用作數(shù)據(jù)庫底圖。真正射影像能夠很好地解決上述問題。它與普通正射影像的區(qū)別在于它考慮了建筑物的投影差,能夠?qū)⒔ㄖ锏奈蓓敿m正到其對應(yīng)的地基位置,解決普通正射影像上建筑物的遮擋問題和影像接邊難的問題。真正射影像同時兼顧了影像的視覺特征和地圖的幾何精度,探究真正射影像制作具有重要意義。真正射影像在數(shù)字微分糾正時使用的是數(shù)字表面模型DSM。正射影像的精度很大程度取決于數(shù)字表面模型的精度。數(shù)字表面模型既描述了地表面的形態(tài)又顧及了地面建筑物的高程信息,可看作是數(shù)字高程模型DEM和數(shù)字建筑物模型DBM結(jié)合,因此精確的DEM和DBM是構(gòu)建DSM的前提。本文以成都理工大學(xué)無人機(jī)影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,以學(xué)校高大建筑物密集區(qū)域為例,對真正射影像制作的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容為:(1)通過影像匹配技術(shù)提取了實驗區(qū)的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),以得到地面點(diǎn)、獲取精確DEM為目的,對DEM濾波進(jìn)行了探究。針對自動點(diǎn)云濾波不能完全得到精確的地面點(diǎn),采用人工精細(xì)化點(diǎn)云編輯。以理工東苑建筑物為例,總結(jié)了一套針對高大建筑物密集區(qū)域的DEM精細(xì)化編輯方案。(2)基于原始數(shù)字表面模型和精編后的DEM制作正射影像,分析了存在的建筑物邊緣變形和傾斜問題。選擇基于精編DEM的正射校正影像中建筑物投影差最小的位置用于鑲嵌,并優(yōu)化鑲嵌線,一定程度上解決了建筑物傾斜、遮擋的問題。為徹底解決建筑物傾斜問題,構(gòu)建了描述建筑物表面的數(shù)字模型——數(shù)字建筑物模型(DBM),采用“DEM+DBM”結(jié)合的形式重新構(gòu)建了數(shù)字表面模型,該模型相較于原始數(shù)字表面模型能更加準(zhǔn)確地描述建筑物和地表形態(tài)。(3)研究了基于DSM正射校正的“重影”問題,實現(xiàn)了影像正射校正與遮蔽區(qū)域檢測的并行處理。針對真正射影像鑲嵌線的復(fù)雜性,總結(jié)了一套基于紋理補(bǔ)償?shù)蔫偳毒�優(yōu)化方案,最終實現(xiàn)了真正射影像的無縫拼接,很好地解決了普通正射影像中建筑物傾斜、互相遮擋的難題。
[Abstract]:Aerial images are rich in texture, realistic in color, highly intuitive, easy to update, and have good present situation. They can be used in digital mapping and as the base map of database updating. The normal orthophoto image does not consider the surface building, so the buildings on the image will be inclined and occluded, and the problem of edge joining is easy to occur when orthophoto image is inlaid. With the improvement of imaging technology, the resolution of the obtained images is higher and higher, especially the obliquity of the buildings in the dense areas of tall buildings. It is difficult for the image to fit with other maps when the building is obliquely shaded, which will lose the geographical reference value and can not be used as the base map of the database. The real image can solve the above problem well. The difference between it and the normal orthophoto image is that it considers the projection difference of the building, can correct the roof of the building to its corresponding foundation position, and solves the problem of the block of the building and the difficulty of connecting the image edge on the common orthophoto image. The real image takes into account the visual features of the image and the geometric accuracy of the map at the same time, so it is of great significance to explore the making of the real image. The digital surface model DSM. is used in digital differential correction of real image. The accuracy of orthophoto image largely depends on the accuracy of digital surface model. The digital surface model not only describes the shape of the ground surface but also takes into account the elevation information of the ground building. It can be regarded as the combination of the digital elevation model DEM and the digital building model DBM. Therefore, accurate DEM and DBM are the premise of constructing DSM. This paper takes UAV image of Chengdu University of Technology as data source and takes the dense area of university tall buildings as an example to study the key technology of real image making. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the point cloud data of the experimental area are extracted by image matching technique, and the DEM filtering is studied in order to get the ground point and obtain the accurate DEM. Because the automatic point cloud filter can not get the accurate ground point completely, the point cloud is edited by manual refinement. Taking the Dongyuan building of science and technology as an example, this paper summarizes a set of DEM fine editing schemes for dense areas of tall buildings. (2) based on the original digital surface model and finely edited DEM, orthophoto images are made. The existing problems of building edge deformation and inclination are analyzed. The position of minimum projection difference of buildings in orthographic correction image based on DEM is selected for mosaic and the inlay line is optimized to solve the problem of obliquity and occlusion of buildings to a certain extent. In order to solve the problem of building tilt thoroughly, a digital model describing the building surface is built. The digital building model (DBM), reconstructs the digital surface model in the form of "DEM DBM". Compared with the original digital surface model, this model can describe the building and surface shape more accurately. (3) the problem of "double shadow" based on DSM orthophoto correction is studied, and the parallel processing of orthophoto correction and shaded area detection is realized. In view of the complexity of real image mosaic line, this paper summarizes a set of mosaic line optimization scheme based on texture compensation, and finally realizes the seamless mosaic of real image, which solves the problem of building tilt in normal orthophoto image. The difficulty of blocking each othe
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P231

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄧非;李朋龍;闞酉潯;康俊華;萬方;;數(shù)字建筑模型整體投影真正射影像制作中的遮蔽檢測方法[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(信息科學(xué)版);2017年01期

2 王曉軍;李宏建;張宇;劉沖;;INPHO生產(chǎn)真正射影像校正過程的探討[J];測繪技術(shù)裝備;2016年03期

3 王曉賢;賈滿;;基于DBM數(shù)據(jù)制作真正射影像圖的方法探索[J];現(xiàn)代測繪;2016年04期

4 李萌;李媛;宋文平;;小型無人機(jī)低空攝影測量在土地確權(quán)應(yīng)用中的探究——以陜西試點(diǎn)區(qū)域為例[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2016年04期

5 趙淑玲;屈偉軍;;利用數(shù)字建筑模型制作真正射影像的方法與實現(xiàn)[J];國土資源導(dǎo)刊;2016年01期

6 周思怡;周茂春;;基于Inpho攝影測量系統(tǒng)數(shù)字正射影像圖的制作[J];江西科學(xué);2015年06期

7 葛洪濤;;低空無人機(jī)影像的獲取與處理[J];測繪技術(shù)裝備;2015年03期

8 買小爭;盧先賢;龍寶成;;基于無人機(jī)航攝的真正射影像制作方法探討[J];測繪與空間地理信息;2015年09期

9 王歡;蔣顯嵐;;4種無人機(jī)遙感影像快速拼接方法的試驗分析[J];測繪與空間地理信息;2015年08期

10 宋輝;;測繪無人機(jī)在大比例尺成圖中的實踐[J];測繪技術(shù)裝備;2015年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 韓宇韜;數(shù)字正射影像鑲嵌中色彩一致性處理的若干問題研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2014年

2 許彪;基于航空影像的真正射影像制作關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2012年

3 孫杰;機(jī)載LiDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)輔助真正射影像制作關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2011年

4 王聰華;無人飛行器低空遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)處理方法[D];山東科技大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 劉洋;無人機(jī)傾斜攝影測量影像處理與三維建模的研究[D];東華理工大學(xué);2016年

2 張學(xué)文;基于無人機(jī)影像的真正射影像制作研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京);2016年

3 林金彥;機(jī)載激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)后處理方法的研究[D];東華理工大學(xué);2015年

4 鄭強(qiáng)華;低空無人機(jī)空中三角測量精度分析[D];東華理工大學(xué);2015年

5 趙翔;基于無人機(jī)航攝DOM生成技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用[D];東華理工大學(xué);2015年

6 李明慈;微型無人機(jī)攝影測量數(shù)據(jù)處理研究[D];北京建筑大學(xué);2015年

7 鄧才龍;無人機(jī)遙感在海島海岸帶監(jiān)測中的應(yīng)用研究[D];國家海洋局第一海洋研究所;2015年

8 都樂;無人機(jī)數(shù)字正射影像（DOM）制作及其在風(fēng)電場生態(tài)驗收中的應(yīng)用[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2015年

9 張一;無人機(jī)遙感影像點(diǎn)特征匹配算法研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2015年

10 陳天yN;基于CIPS的低空無人機(jī)遙感影像處理研究[D];東華理工大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：2332227