【摘要】：地形圖是基礎地理信息最直觀的表達載體,廣泛應用于國民經(jīng)濟和國防建設。各行各業(yè)的用戶除了需要現(xiàn)勢性好的多種地理信息數(shù)據(jù)外,同樣需要圖形化的制圖數(shù)據(jù)或紙質地形圖。長期以來,由于受到技術條件和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的限制,國家基本比例尺地形圖更新緩慢,1：5萬、1：1萬等比例尺地形圖大部分為上世紀70～90年代測繪或修測,內容十分陳舊。而用戶對地形圖現(xiàn)勢性的基本需求是一年、甚至幾個月,地形圖的現(xiàn)勢性遠遠不能滿足經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的應用需要,亟待更新。 傳統(tǒng)的地形圖更新生產(chǎn)采用立體測圖修編或地圖編繪等方式,技術環(huán)節(jié)多,人工作業(yè)量大,生產(chǎn)效率較低,地圖生產(chǎn)周期長。隨著國家基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫建設與更新逐步推進和深入,國家1：100萬、1：25萬、1：5萬數(shù)據(jù)庫已建成并實現(xiàn)動態(tài)更新,每年更新一次。全國絕大部分省建立了1：1萬基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫,許多城市建立了1：500等大比例尺空間地理框架,各地根據(jù)實際情況,逐步實現(xiàn)快速更新。毫無疑問,現(xiàn)實性強、可靠性高、更新速度快的基礎地形數(shù)據(jù)庫為地形圖制作與更新提供了良好的數(shù)據(jù)前提,但由于地形圖更新生產(chǎn)技術問題,地形圖更新速度及現(xiàn)勢性遠遠滯后于基礎數(shù)據(jù)庫。因此,對地形圖制圖與更新的技術改造升級勢在必行。 本文研究了數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動的地形圖制圖機制,建立多源驅動的要素智能符號化、屬性驅動的智能化注記配置、元數(shù)據(jù)驅動的智能化圖面整飾等系列規(guī)則,在理論層面對基于圖庫聯(lián)動的地形圖制圖技術進行了深度挖掘,設計開發(fā)了一套集友好制圖界面、組件式制圖符號系統(tǒng)、基礎地理信息生僻字庫、管理端模塊、生產(chǎn)端模塊、質量控制模塊于一體的制圖生產(chǎn)與管理系統(tǒng),在國家1：5萬地形圖制圖工程中實現(xiàn)與應用。本文主要工作和創(chuàng)新性成果為： (1)研究了基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動地形圖制圖的數(shù)據(jù)模型和表達機制,發(fā)展建立了1：5萬基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫與制圖數(shù)據(jù)庫一體化空間數(shù)據(jù)模型。通過對基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫進行物理擴展、邏輯重組、關聯(lián)關系,按照國家基本地形圖圖式規(guī)范要求,在數(shù)據(jù)庫屬性項中增加制圖表達信息和規(guī)則,實現(xiàn)將地理要素對象的幾何位置、屬性、拓撲關系及制圖表達一體化融合建模。 (2)研究創(chuàng)建了1：5萬基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動制圖的系列規(guī)則,包括多源驅動的符號配置、注記配置、地圖整飾配置、制圖沖突檢測與優(yōu)化配置、質量檢查等規(guī)則。利用這些規(guī)則,可以大幅提高利用基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫更新或生產(chǎn)地形圖的自動化程度。 (3)實現(xiàn)了將經(jīng)過編輯處理后的制圖數(shù)據(jù)入庫到基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫中,并與相應的地理要素的關系進行重構,從而建立制圖數(shù)據(jù)庫,建成后的制圖數(shù)據(jù)庫不僅包含了地理數(shù)據(jù)庫的全部內容,還具有重定義的制圖表達規(guī)則,從根本上實現(xiàn)了兩庫的集成管理。 (4)對基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫與地形圖聯(lián)動更新技術進行研究探討。基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動的地形圖制圖技術,使地理要素與制圖表達之間實現(xiàn)要素級、符號級和注記級的緊密關聯(lián),利用地形數(shù)據(jù)庫的更新增量信息,通過制圖數(shù)據(jù)的增量自動識別、制圖表達自動匹配,輔以自動化工具和少量人工干預,實現(xiàn)制圖數(shù)據(jù)的同步快速更新。 (5)針對國家1：5萬地形圖制圖工程的需要,設計了國家1：5萬地形圖制圖生產(chǎn)與管理系統(tǒng),并在工程中實現(xiàn)和全面應用。在一體化建庫大環(huán)境下,實現(xiàn)了地圖注記的智能化配置、地圖符號的優(yōu)化處理、地圖要素的人機交互編輯、地圖整飾的自處理、地圖要素沖突的自檢測、數(shù)據(jù)質量的自檢查等,解決了利用國家1：5萬基礎地理數(shù)據(jù)庫快速更新生產(chǎn)地形圖的問題。
[Abstract]:Topographic map is the most direct expression vector of basic geographic information, which is widely used in national economy and national defense construction. In addition to a variety of geographic information data, users of all walks of life also need to have a graphic data or a paper topographic map. For a long time, due to the limitation of the technical conditions and the economic development level, the national basic scale topographic map is updated slowly, and the scale topographic map of 1: 50000 and 1: 10,000 is most of the mapping or repair survey in the 1970s to 1990s, and the content is very old. And the basic requirement of the user to the present situation of the topographic map is one year, and even a few months, the current situation of the topographic map is far from meeting the needs of the application of the economic and social development, and needs to be updated urgently. The traditional topographic map updating production adopts a three-dimensional map modification or map compilation method, so that the technical link is large, the manual operation amount is large, the production efficiency is low, and the map production week The period is long. With the construction and updating of the country's basic geographic database, the national 1: 1 million, 1: 250,000, 1: 50000 database has been completed and the dynamic update is realized, and it is updated every year once a year, the vast majority of the provinces of the country have set up a basic geographic database of 1: 1 million, and many cities have set up a large-scale spatial geographic framework, such as 1: 500, all over the country, according to the actual situation, the rapid implementation of the rapid There is no doubt that the basic terrain database with strong reality, high reliability and high update speed provides good data for the production and updating of the topographic map. However, due to the technical problems of the updating of the topographic map, the updating speed and the current potential of the topographic map are far behind the basic number. according to the library, the technical transformation and upgrading potential of the topographic map drawing and the updating is The paper studies the mapping mechanism of the topographic map driven by the database, establishes the intelligent symbol of the elements of the multi-source driving, the intelligent note-recording configuration of the attribute-driven, the intelligent drawing finishing of the metadata driving, According to the series of rules, the depth mining is carried out on the map drawing technology based on the library linkage at the theoretical level, a set of set-friendly drawing interface, a component-type drawing symbol system, a basic geographic information remote word base and a management end module are designed and developed, the production end module and the quality control module are integrated in a drawing production and management system, Realization and application. The main work and creation of this paper The new achievement is as follows: (1) The data model and the expression mechanism of the mapping of the basic geographic database driven topographic map are studied, and the development of the 1: 50000 basic geographic database and the mapping database is established. according to the requirements of the national basic topographic map schema specification, the mapping expression information and the rule are added in the database attribute items, so that the geographic element object is realized, Geometric locations, attributes, topological relationships, and chart diagrams Integrated fusion modeling. (2) The study has created a series of rules for the development of a 1: 50000 basic geographic database-driven mapping, including multi-source-driven symbol configuration, note-note configuration, map finishing configuration, mapping collision detection and optimization Rules such as configuration, quality check, etc. Use these rules to significantly increase the use of a base geodatabase update or and (3) the cartographic data after the editing processing is stored in the basic geographic database, and the relationship with the corresponding geographic elements is reconstructed, so that a drawing database is established, and the built drawing database does not only the entire content of the geographic database is included, and a redefined mapping expression rule is also provided, the integration management of the two banks is fundamentally realized; and (4) the basic geographic data The paper discusses the linkage and updating technology of the database and the topographic map. The mapping technology of the topographic map driven by the basic geographic database makes the close association of the element level, the symbol level and the note level between the geographical elements and the mapping expression, and uses the updated incremental information of the terrain database to make the mapping number. Automatic identification of the incremental, automatic mapping of the drawing expression, with automation tools and a small number of people "(5) The national 1: 50,000 topographic map drawing is designed for the need of the national 1: 50,000 topographic map drawing project." the production and management system is realized and fully applied in the engineering, and the intelligent configuration of the map note, the optimization processing of the map symbol, the man-machine interaction editing of the map elements and the self-processing of the whole map are realized under the large environment of the integrated building base, Self-detection of map element conflict, self-inspection of data quality, etc., solving the problem of using the country 1: 5
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208;P284

【參考文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 郭新成;拓撲地圖模型與圖庫一體化研究[D];長安大學;2011年

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本文編號：2332128