【摘要】：針對當前雨量監(jiān)測和預警中存在的數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)勢性差、準確性低的問題，本文以北京市西城區(qū)為例，建設(shè)由34個監(jiān)測點組成的自主雨情監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)實時傳輸降雨量數(shù)據(jù)，擺脫了當前城市防汛監(jiān)測和預警中對于氣象數(shù)據(jù)的過分依賴，同時提高了監(jiān)測的針對性和精確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)了基于GIS的城市雨量實時監(jiān)控與預警系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了城市雨情的豐富展現(xiàn)、圖形空間分析、預警預報等功能，為城市防汛精細化管理提供可靠、準確的實時雨情信息支持�；贕IS的城市雨量實時監(jiān)控與預警系統(tǒng)主要由雨量傳輸與接收系統(tǒng)、后臺計算與前端展現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)以及短信預警系統(tǒng)三大系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。 雨量傳輸與接收系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了基于GPRS技術(shù)的雨量數(shù)據(jù)實時傳輸，前端為雨量傳感器和雨量發(fā)送模塊，后臺為雨量接收模塊與數(shù)據(jù)庫，雨量接收模塊將前端傳送過來的雨量數(shù)據(jù)分析整理存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。后臺計算與前端展現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)主要是基于Flex技術(shù)開發(fā)了具有豐富表現(xiàn)力的WebGIS系統(tǒng)，普通用戶可以通過瀏覽器訪問到該系統(tǒng)獲取西城區(qū)的實時降雨量信息，該WebGIS系統(tǒng)支持地圖的漫游、縮放、查詢以及分析等功能。短信預警系統(tǒng)主要是基于數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)，設(shè)置不同的預警等級與觸發(fā)條件，短信預警系統(tǒng)當降雨到達一定級別時會向相關(guān)負責人發(fā)送預警信息。 本文立足于城市的地形與降雨特點，以北京市西城區(qū)為例，基于GPRS無線傳輸技術(shù)、GIS技術(shù)以及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，開發(fā)了西城區(qū)降雨量實時監(jiān)控與預警系統(tǒng)。在實際的應用中取得了良好的效果。該系統(tǒng)不僅實現(xiàn)了實時雨情監(jiān)視、雨情查詢、短息預警等功能，，而且通過對降雨數(shù)據(jù)的區(qū)域分析可以和城市管理相結(jié)合，為政府決策者提供科學依據(jù)，最大限度的減少因暴雨積水而給城市帶來的損失。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of poor present situation and low accuracy in rainfall monitoring and early warning, this paper takes Xicheng District of Beijing as an example to build an independent rain monitoring network composed of 34 monitoring points. Through wireless network, rainfall data are transmitted in real time, which can get rid of the excessive dependence on meteorological data in current urban flood control monitoring and early warning, and improve the pertinence and accuracy of monitoring. On this basis, a real-time monitoring and warning system of urban rainfall based on GIS is developed, which realizes the functions of urban rain situation rich display, graphic space analysis, early warning and forecast, and provides reliable for the fine management of urban flood control. Accurate real-time rain information support. The real-time monitoring and warning system of urban rainfall based on GIS is mainly composed of three systems: rainfall transmission and receiving system, background computing and front-end display system and short message warning system. The rainfall transmission and receiving system realizes the real-time transmission of rainfall data based on GPRS technology. The front end is rainfall sensor and rainfall sending module, and the background is rainfall receiving module and database. The rainfall receiving module stores the rainfall data from the front end to the database. The backstage computing and front-end display system is mainly based on Flex technology to develop a WebGIS system with rich expressive power. Ordinary users can access the system through browser to obtain real-time rainfall information of Xicheng District. The WebGIS system supports map roaming. Zoom, query, analysis and other functions. Short message early warning system is mainly based on database development, setting up different warning levels and trigger conditions. When rainfall reaches a certain level, SMS early warning system will send early warning information to relevant officials. Based on the characteristics of urban topography and rainfall, taking Xicheng District of Beijing as an example, based on GPRS wireless transmission technology, GIS technology and Internet of things technology, a real-time rainfall monitoring and early warning system in Xicheng District is developed. Good results have been obtained in practical application. The system not only realizes the functions of real-time rain monitoring, rainstorm inquiry, short warning and so on, but also provides scientific basis for government decision makers by combining the regional analysis of rainfall data with urban management. Minimize the damage to the city caused by heavy rain.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;TV877

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