【摘要】：隨著GPS測(cè)量技術(shù)在工程測(cè)量領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用,線狀工程一般采用GPS測(cè)量技術(shù)進(jìn)行平面控制測(cè)量,并通過(guò)高斯投影建立工程平面坐標(biāo)系。根據(jù)橢球大地測(cè)量學(xué)原理可知,在高斯投影建立的工程獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系中進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí),存在全站儀方向觀測(cè)值和距離觀測(cè)值的兩化改正,而實(shí)際工程中普遍認(rèn)為水平方向觀測(cè)值的兩化改正均很小,將其忽略,只進(jìn)行水平距離觀測(cè)值的兩化改正。另外,為了保證線狀工程平面測(cè)量的長(zhǎng)度投影變形滿足相應(yīng)規(guī)范的要求,必須將整條線路投影到不同的高斯投影帶,由此產(chǎn)生了非常繁瑣的換帶計(jì)算。本文從上述兩方面問(wèn)題入手,首先總結(jié)了高斯投影建立線狀工程測(cè)量平面坐標(biāo)系的方法,對(duì)基于參考橢球的全站儀觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的系統(tǒng)誤差改正進(jìn)行了定量分析,重點(diǎn)分析了垂線偏差在線狀工程平面測(cè)量中對(duì)水平方向觀測(cè)值、水平距離值的影響,編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了EGM2008地球重力場(chǎng)模型計(jì)算垂線偏差分量,并通過(guò)實(shí)際工程算例對(duì)其進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證分析。然后,介紹了道路工程漸變平面坐標(biāo)系的基本理論,重點(diǎn)推導(dǎo)了道路工程漸變平面坐標(biāo)系下GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理的數(shù)學(xué)模型和隨機(jī)模型,并通過(guò)工程實(shí)例對(duì)其進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。最后,對(duì)全站儀平面測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理方法進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié),并編寫了全站儀平面測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件,通過(guò)實(shí)際工程算例驗(yàn)證了其正確性,對(duì)計(jì)算效率也進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。通過(guò)理論論證及算例分析結(jié)果表明,由于線狀工程平面測(cè)量中線路跨度和線路起伏均較大,所以垂線偏差對(duì)水平方向和水平距離觀測(cè)值的影響不能忽視,應(yīng)對(duì)其加以改正；道路工程漸變平面坐標(biāo)系具有嚴(yán)密的理論基礎(chǔ),全線統(tǒng)一、不受線路長(zhǎng)度的影響,并且顧及了GPS數(shù)據(jù)的垂線偏差改正,使得全站儀測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)在此坐標(biāo)系下無(wú)需兩化改正可以直接進(jìn)行平差計(jì)算,設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)需逆向兩化改正直接用于放樣,是線路工程平面測(cè)量理想的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)；全站儀平面測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件計(jì)算結(jié)果正確,計(jì)算效率高。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of GPS surveying technology in engineering surveying field, GPS measurement technology is generally used in linear engineering to carry out plane control survey, and the engineering plane coordinate system is established through Gao Si projection. According to the ellipsoidal geodesy principle, when the data is processed in the engineering independent coordinate system established by Gao Si's projection, there are two corrections of the total station direction observation value and the distance observation value. However, it is generally believed in practical engineering that the two corrections of the observed values in horizontal direction are very small, which are ignored, and only the two corrections of the observed values of horizontal distance are carried out. In addition, in order to ensure that the length projection deformation of the linear engineering plane survey meets the requirements of the corresponding specifications, the entire line must be projected to different Gao Si projection bands, which has resulted in a very complicated calculation of the changing band. Starting with the above two problems, this paper first summarizes the method of Gao Si projection to establish the plane coordinate system of linear engineering survey, and makes a quantitative analysis of the system error correction of the total station observation data based on reference ellipsoid. The influence of horizontal direction observation value and horizontal distance value on vertical line deviation in on-line engineering plane survey is analyzed, and the EGM2008 earth gravity field model is programmed to calculate the vertical deviation component. It is verified and analyzed by practical engineering examples. Then, the basic theory of road engineering gradient plane coordinate system is introduced, and the mathematical model and stochastic model of GPS data processing in the road engineering gradual plane coordinate system are deduced, and verified by an engineering example. Finally, the data processing methods of total station plane survey are summarized, and the software of total station plane survey data processing is compiled. The correctness of the software is verified by an actual engineering example, and the calculation efficiency is compared and analyzed. The results of theoretical demonstration and numerical example analysis show that the influence of vertical deviation on horizontal direction and horizontal distance observation value can not be ignored because the line span and line fluctuation are large in plane survey of linear engineering, and it should be corrected. The gradual change plane coordinate system of road engineering has a strict theoretical foundation, the whole line is unified, it is not affected by the length of the line, and the correction of the vertical deviation of GPS data is taken into account. In this coordinate system, the total station survey data can be directly adjusted without two corrections, and the design data can be directly used for lofting without reverse correction, so it is an ideal coordinate system for line engineering plane survey. The calculation result of the data processing software of total station plane survey is correct and the calculation efficiency is high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU198;P228.4

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本文編號(hào)：2309638