【摘要】：大地水準(zhǔn)面是描述地球形狀的一個(gè)重要物理參考面，是大地測(cè)量基準(zhǔn)之一。大地測(cè)量工作中需要長(zhǎng)期努力并且艱巨的任務(wù)之一就是不斷精化全球和區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面。隨著確定大地水準(zhǔn)面技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，建立高精度、高分辨率的區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面不僅需要利用GPS定位技術(shù)和水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量技術(shù)，現(xiàn)代地球重力場(chǎng)的確定理論和方法也是必不可少的，總之，利用現(xiàn)代化的技術(shù)建立區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面具有十分重要的科學(xué)意義。 論文首先論述了國(guó)內(nèi)外大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，重點(diǎn)介紹了我國(guó)區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)有的成果；對(duì)大地水準(zhǔn)面精化進(jìn)行了綜述，介紹了大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的理論基礎(chǔ)，即不同的高程系統(tǒng)以及相應(yīng)的起算基準(zhǔn)面；詳細(xì)的闡述了確定大地水準(zhǔn)面三種基本方法的原理，即幾何方法、重力學(xué)方法和組合法的原理，并研究了這三種基本方法的區(qū)別和特點(diǎn)，以及在精化區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面中三種方法中代表性模型的建立：對(duì)于幾何方法，分析了GPS/水準(zhǔn)、天文水準(zhǔn)和衛(wèi)星測(cè)高三種方法，并針對(duì)GPS/水準(zhǔn)擬合法的代表性模型進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)闡述，包括:加權(quán)平均擬合、曲線擬合（多項(xiàng)式曲線擬合和Akima法曲線擬合）和曲面擬合（多面函數(shù)擬合）。以同一數(shù)據(jù)為例，分別用加權(quán)平均擬合法、二次多項(xiàng)式曲面擬合法和多面函數(shù)擬合法對(duì)其進(jìn)行實(shí)際擬合運(yùn)算，，對(duì)各自方法擬合的效果和實(shí)用性進(jìn)行比較，得出了有益的結(jié)論，并研究了幾何法確定區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面的誤差來(lái)源。對(duì)于重力學(xué)方法，研究了重力法精化大地水準(zhǔn)面的理論（斯托克司方法、莫洛金斯基理論）和主要技術(shù)（移去--恢復(fù)技術(shù)）、（似）大地水準(zhǔn)面的計(jì)算模型、區(qū)域厘米級(jí)大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的實(shí)施方法。另外，還研究了移去~恢復(fù)法的原理以及精化區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面的技術(shù)途徑和模式，并結(jié)合具體算例對(duì)其進(jìn)行了精度和實(shí)用性的對(duì)比分析，得出了一些有意義的結(jié)論。 最后，對(duì)論文的工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，提出了區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的一些有益結(jié)論和留待解決的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Geoid is an important physical reference plane to describe the shape of the earth and is one of the geodetic datum. One of the long-term and arduous tasks in geodesy is to continuously refine global and regional geoid. With the development of geoid determination technology, the establishment of high precision and high resolution area quasi geoid requires not only the use of GPS positioning technology and leveling technology, The theory and method of determining the gravity field of the modern earth are also essential. In short, it is of great scientific significance to establish the regional quasi geoid mask by using the modern technology. This paper first discusses the development of geoid refinement both at home and abroad, especially introduces the development of regional geoid refinement in China and the existing achievements, and summarizes the development of geoid refinement. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of geoid refinement, that is, different elevation systems and corresponding starting datum, and expounds in detail the principles of three basic methods for determining geoid, that is, geometric method, heavy mechanics method and combination method. The differences and characteristics of the three basic methods and the establishment of representative models in the three methods in the refined geoid are studied. For geometric methods, the three methods of GPS/ leveling, astronomical leveling and satellite elevation are analyzed. The representative model of GPS/ leveling method is described in detail, including weighted average fitting, curve fitting (polynomial curve fitting and Akima curve fitting) and surface fitting (multi-plane function fitting). Taking the same data as an example, using weighted average fitting method, quadratic polynomial surface fitting method and polyhedral function fitting method, respectively, the actual fitting operation is carried out. The effect and practicability of their fitting methods are compared, and some useful conclusions are obtained. The error sources of geoid determination by geometric method are studied. For the gravity method, the computational models of the refined geoid theory (Stokes method, Morrow Kinski theory) and the main techniques (remove-restore technique), (likeness) are studied. The implementation method of regional centimeter level geoid refinement. In addition, the principle of removal and restoration method and the technical approaches and models of refined regional geoid are studied. The accuracy and practicability of the method are compared and analyzed with concrete examples, and some meaningful conclusions are obtained. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and some useful conclusions and problems to be solved for regional geoid refinement are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P223.0

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 布金偉;左小清;;區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的方法探討與精度分析[J];測(cè)繪工程;2017年06期

2 張東明;呂翠華;楊萬(wàn)樞;張春良;顧德茂;;大高差變化區(qū)域GNSS高程轉(zhuǎn)換模型與方法的優(yōu)選[J];地理空間信息;2017年02期

3 候宗祥;;基于改進(jìn)的Kriging法區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化分析[J];全球定位系統(tǒng);2014年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 部晨光;區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的精度評(píng)定[D];西安科技大學(xué);2015年

2 李建勛;基于重力場(chǎng)模型與GPS水準(zhǔn)組合法區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化對(duì)比研究[D];長(zhǎng)安大學(xué);2015年

本文編號(hào)：2270136