【摘要】：鐵路作為國民經濟大動脈、國家重要基礎設施和大眾化交通工具,在我國經濟社會發(fā)展中具有重要的作用。近十幾年來我國鐵路快速發(fā)展,到2015年,鐵路營業(yè)里程將達到12萬公里。在鐵路大規(guī)模建設中,如何通過線路的高精度和高穩(wěn)定性保證列車快速、高效和舒適是十分重要的。測量是保證鐵路精度的核心與靈魂。在線路的建設與維護中,幾乎所有的測量都離不開全站儀。然而目前全站儀只能在置平工況下進行測量。首先,無論全站儀置平是人工方式還是自動方式,都影響測量效率。其次,全站儀調整范圍有限,在自身置平前需要其基礎達到一定的水平狀態(tài)。最后,全站儀置平程度有限,雖然現在全站儀都帶水平補償功能,但其補償能力有限,置平仍然是影響測量精度的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。 本文簡單介紹了全站儀測量的基本原理,深入分析了全站儀在置平工況下的自由設站及其測量算法模型,以及全站儀測量過程中的主要誤差來源,在此基礎上首次提出了全站儀免置平測量技術及其算法模型。全站儀免置平測量技術及其算法模型主要包括免置平工況下的自由設站算法和免置平工況下的測量算法,以實現全站儀能在任意姿態(tài)下進行測量。 本文首先建立了全站儀免置平工況下自由設站的數值模型和幾何模型,研究了自由設站數值模型的多解問題,通過對兩種模型的分析和比較,最終采用免置平工況下自由設站的幾何模型求解全站儀設站點坐標,并通過多余觀測量的測量建立平差體系以提高設站點坐標精度。第二,本文建立了全站儀免置平工況下基于旋轉角的非線性測量模型和基于方向余弦矩陣的測量模型,通過對兩種模型的分析和比較,最終采用了基于方向余弦矩陣的測量模型,并通過多余觀測量的測量建立平差體系以提高模型的精度。最后,通過不同環(huán)境下的大量實驗,驗證了全站儀免置平工況下自由設站和測量算法模型的正確性。 全站儀免置平測量技術較大程度的提高了全站儀測量的效率和測量自動化程度,在工程應用上具有非凡的意義。同時,此技術和算法模型也可用于鐵路建設以外的很多測量系統中,如大橋沉降監(jiān)測系統,盾構機引導系統等。
[Abstract]:As the artery of national economy, national infrastructure and mass transportation, railway plays an important role in the economic and social development of our country. China's railway has developed rapidly in the past ten years. By 2015, railway mileage will reach 120000 km. In the large-scale construction of railway, it is very important to ensure the speed, efficiency and comfort of the train through the high precision and high stability of the railway line. Surveying is the core and soul of ensuring railway accuracy. In the construction and maintenance of the line, almost all the survey can not be separated from the total station. However, at present, the total station can only be measured under the condition of leveling. First of all, whether the total station leveling is manual or automatic, it affects the measuring efficiency. Secondly, the adjustment range of total station is limited, and its foundation needs to reach a certain level state before leveling itself. Finally, the leveling degree of total station is limited. Although the total station has horizontal compensation function, its compensation ability is limited, and leveling is still an important link that affects the measurement accuracy. In this paper, the basic principle of total station survey is briefly introduced, and the free station setting and measuring algorithm model of total station under leveling condition are deeply analyzed, as well as the main error sources in the total station survey process. On the basis of this, the technique and its algorithm model of total station non-leveling measurement are proposed for the first time. The technique and algorithm model of total station no-leveling survey mainly include the free station setting algorithm under no-leveling condition and the measurement algorithm under no-leveling condition so as to realize that the total station instrument can measure under any attitude. In this paper, the numerical model and geometric model of the free station are established, and the multi-solution problem of the numerical model of the free station is studied. The analysis and comparison of the two models are carried out. Finally, the geometric model of free station setting is used to solve the coordinate of the total station, and the adjustment system is established through the measurement of redundant observations to improve the coordinate accuracy of the station. Secondly, the nonlinear measurement model based on rotation angle and the measurement model based on directional cosine matrix are established in this paper. The two models are analyzed and compared. Finally, the measurement model based on directional cosine matrix is adopted, and the adjustment system is established through the measurement of redundant observations to improve the accuracy of the model. Finally, through a large number of experiments in different environments, the correctness of the free station setting and measuring algorithm model of the total station is verified. The technology of total station without leveling has greatly improved the efficiency and automation of total station survey, which is of great significance in engineering application. At the same time, the technology and algorithm model can also be used in many measurement systems other than railway construction, such as bridge settlement monitoring system, shield machine guidance system and so on.
【學位授予單位】：南昌大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P204;U212.24

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 周興華,趙吉先,魯鐵定;空間直角坐標系非線性坐標轉換[J];北京測繪;2005年01期

2 游為;范東明;黃瑞金;;適用于任意旋轉角的三維直角坐標轉換方法[J];測繪科學;2009年05期

3 李金嶺;劉鸝;喬書波;郭麗;;關于三維直角坐標七參數轉換模型求解的討論[J];測繪科學;2010年04期

4 劉東明;郭際明;施展;嚴悅;;大角度三維基準轉換及公共點的確定[J];測繪通報;2010年01期

5 喻家碧;;全站儀空間測量精度淺析及其應用探討[J];測繪通報;2010年04期

6 楊凡;李廣云;王力;;三維坐標轉換方法研究[J];測繪通報;2010年06期

7 滕志遠;張愛武;;單位四元素法在激光點云坐標轉換中的應用[J];測繪通報;2010年11期

8 王解先;高小兵;侯東亞;徐萬鵬;;高速鐵路CPⅢ點整體三維嚴密平差[J];測繪通報;2011年01期

9 袁慶;樓立志;陳瑋嫻;;加權總體最小二乘在三維基準轉換中的應用[J];測繪學報;2011年S1期

10 許超鈐;姚宜斌;熊思婷;熊紹龍;;三維任意旋轉角度坐標轉換的整體最小二乘回歸解法[J];測繪信息與工程;2010年05期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 張超;基于電子經緯儀的天文測量系統及應用研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學;2009年

，

本文編號：2251576