【摘要】：面對(duì)福州市道路交通日益增大的壓力,改善城市道路交通擁堵、提高居民出行效率不僅需要加強(qiáng)城市道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),構(gòu)建實(shí)時(shí)路況系統(tǒng)合理引導(dǎo)居民出行也具有重要意義。本文構(gòu)建的福州市實(shí)時(shí)路況WebGIS系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)?shí)時(shí)交通路況信息以可視化的形式展現(xiàn),能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)普通用戶使用PC端和移動(dòng)終端設(shè)備對(duì)路況信息以路況地圖的方式進(jìn)行瀏覽。另外,系統(tǒng)提供的基于實(shí)時(shí)路況的最優(yōu)路徑分析功能,讓用戶能夠隨時(shí)、隨地對(duì)當(dāng)前交通狀況進(jìn)行分析,并且提供依據(jù)當(dāng)前路況的最優(yōu)路徑選擇方案,輔助用戶進(jìn)行提前繞行決策,最終達(dá)到合理引導(dǎo)居民出行,提高居民出行效率的目的。 在分析總結(jié)當(dāng)前以C/S、B/S及RIA方式構(gòu)建的各主流實(shí)時(shí)路況WebGIS系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式利弊的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)WebGIS矢量數(shù)據(jù)在瀏覽器中缺乏可視化統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及采用地圖切片方式響應(yīng)速度慢的現(xiàn)狀,本文提出采用HTML5Canvas技術(shù)作為PC端和移動(dòng)終端實(shí)時(shí)路況的表現(xiàn)方式,并且創(chuàng)建了能夠加載單個(gè)矢量圖層的客戶端API——MapCanvas1.0。為解決MapCanvas1.0在加載單個(gè)矢量文件時(shí)存在響應(yīng)速度慢、耗費(fèi)流量的弊端。本研究中引入“矢量瓦片”概念,提出矢量瓦片生成和存儲(chǔ)的操作規(guī)范,在原有MapCanvas1.0的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了能夠加載矢量瓦片的客戶端API——MapCanvas2.0,并且基于MapCanvas2.0實(shí)現(xiàn)了福州市實(shí)時(shí)路況在瀏覽器端的展現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn)證明,采用MapCanvas2.0加載矢量瓦片的方式對(duì)地圖進(jìn)行渲染能夠有效避免查詢路況時(shí)造成的流量損耗、提高響應(yīng)速度、增強(qiáng)用戶體驗(yàn)。 本文系統(tǒng)服務(wù)器端采用開(kāi)源平臺(tái)構(gòu)建,設(shè)計(jì)并研發(fā)了實(shí)時(shí)路況的路況信息采集模塊和最優(yōu)路徑查詢模塊。在實(shí)時(shí)采集路況信息以輔助客戶端顯示的同時(shí),系統(tǒng)提供基于當(dāng)前路況通過(guò)輸入起點(diǎn)、終點(diǎn)位置進(jìn)行最優(yōu)路徑查詢的功能。此外,服務(wù)器端具有良好的跨平臺(tái)和可移植性特點(diǎn),可大大減少系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)、維護(hù)的成本。 福州市實(shí)時(shí)路況系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)合理性,體現(xiàn)了軟件設(shè)計(jì)中以數(shù)據(jù)為核心、可擴(kuò)展性、開(kāi)放性、安全性的特點(diǎn)。客戶端采用以HTML5Canvas作為客戶端繪制路況的方式不僅解決了采用瓦片方式加載速度慢、耗費(fèi)流量的問(wèn)題,也使得WebGIS在客戶端矢量數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)方式上具備統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),增強(qiáng)了跨平臺(tái)性,并且“矢量瓦片”技術(shù)的提出和應(yīng)用促使系統(tǒng)客戶端渲染速度得到明顯提高。系統(tǒng)采用開(kāi)源平臺(tái)構(gòu)建節(jié)約開(kāi)發(fā)成本的同時(shí),增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的跨平臺(tái)特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,系統(tǒng)能夠滿足用戶使用PC端或移動(dòng)終端對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)路況的查詢、分析等需求,憑借其渲染速度快、節(jié)省流量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)了用戶體驗(yàn),從而達(dá)到了緩解城市道路交通壓力的目的。
[Abstract]:Facing the increasing pressure of road traffic in Fuzhou, it is of great significance to improve urban road traffic congestion and improve residents' travel efficiency not only by strengthening the construction of urban road infrastructure, but also by constructing real-time road condition system to guide residents to travel reasonably. The real time traffic condition WebGIS system in this paper can display the real-time traffic information in a visual form, and can realize that ordinary users can use PC terminal and mobile terminal equipment to browse the road condition information in the way of road condition map. In addition, the system provides an optimal path analysis function based on real-time road conditions, which enables users to analyze the current traffic conditions at any time and anywhere, and provides an optimal path selection scheme based on the current road conditions. In order to guide the residents to travel reasonably and improve the travel efficiency, the auxiliary users make advance detour decision. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the advantages and disadvantages of the realization of the mainstream real-time WebGIS system based on C / S / S and RIA, In view of the lack of unified visual standard for traditional WebGIS vector data in the browser and the slow response speed of map slicing, this paper proposes to use HTML5Canvas technology as the representation of real time traffic conditions of PC terminal and mobile terminal. And create a client API--MapCanvas1.0. that can load a single vector layer In order to solve the problem that the response speed is slow and the flow is consumed when MapCanvas1.0 loads a single vector file. In this study, the concept of "vector tile" is introduced, and the operation specification for the generation and storage of vector tile is proposed. Based on the original MapCanvas1.0, the client API--MapCanvas2.0, which can load the vector tile is constructed, and the real-time traffic condition of Fuzhou is displayed on the browser side based on MapCanvas2.0. It is proved by experiments that rendering the map by MapCanvas2.0 loading vector tile can effectively avoid the flow loss caused by querying the road condition, improve the response speed and enhance the user experience. The system server is constructed with open source platform, and the real-time traffic information collection module and the optimal path query module are designed and developed. While collecting the road condition information in real time to assist the client to display, the system provides the function of the optimal path query based on the current road condition through the input starting point and the end point. In addition, the server has good cross-platform and portability, which can greatly reduce the cost of system development and maintenance. The structure rationality of the real time road condition system in Fuzhou reflects the characteristics of data as the core, expansibility, openness and security in the software design. Using HTML5Canvas as the client to draw the road condition not only solves the problem that the loading speed is slow and consumes the flow by using the tile method, but also makes the WebGIS have a unified standard in the representation of vector data on the client side, and enhances the cross-platform property. And the development and application of vector tile technology can improve the rendering speed of the system client. The system uses open-source platform to construct and saves development cost, and enhances the cross-platform characteristic of the system at the same time. Experimental results show that the system can meet the needs of users using PC terminal or mobile terminal to query and analyze the real-time traffic conditions. With the advantages of fast rendering speed and saving traffic, the system enhances the user experience. In order to alleviate the pressure of urban road traffic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U495;P208

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