城市重大工程區(qū)高分辨率永久散射體雷達干涉地表形變監(jiān)測
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 20:41
【摘要】：隨著城市的快速發(fā)展,高層建筑、軌道交通、高鐵、高架道路等重大工程成為維系城市功能的基礎性工程,為了避免和減少地面沉降對其造成影響和危害,亟需一種科學、高效的監(jiān)測手段。近年來,差分合成孔徑雷達干涉測量(D-InSAR)技術在地表形變監(jiān)測中的應用發(fā)展很快。特別是以永久散射體干涉測量(PSI)方法為代表的D-InSAR時序分析方法,極大增強了D-InSAR技術在城市地面沉降監(jiān)測中的應用能力。隨著新型高時空分辨能力的雷達衛(wèi)星不斷發(fā)射升空,使得利用高分辨率PSI技術進行城市重大工程區(qū)的精細形變監(jiān)測成為可能,但在實際應用中還存在較多問題。最主要的困難是在缺乏高精度城市數(shù)字地表模型(DSM)條件下,如何解決建筑物和背景地物之間在長基線條件下形成的高相位梯度問題。另外,如何更好的對雷達坐標表示的高分辨率城市地區(qū)PS點群進行可視化也是需要考慮的問題。 針對上述問題,本文開展了城市重大工程區(qū)高分辨率PSI地表形變監(jiān)測關鍵技術研究,取得以下主要成果： (1)對PSI差分相位建模和時域相位解纏策略上進行改進,提出了長短基線迭代組合的PSI解算方法。實驗結(jié)果表明本文提出的方法能顯著抑制高相位梯度對高程和形變提取結(jié)果的影響,具備城市大范圍高層建筑密集區(qū)高程和形變監(jiān)測的能力。 (2)對傳統(tǒng)的PS點構(gòu)網(wǎng)方式進行改進,提出了建筑物和背景地物分離構(gòu)網(wǎng)的PSI解算方法。與長短基線迭代方法相比,該方法能夠有效監(jiān)測建筑物細微的形變特征,提高單體建筑形變監(jiān)測的細節(jié)精度。但受限于分離技術,更適用于小范圍內(nèi)獨立建筑物的精細監(jiān)測。 (3)采用基于距離多普勒(R-D)定位模型的幾何粗校正和以SPOT5為參考影像的幾何精校正方法對PS點進行地理編碼。實驗表明,在x和y兩個方向上的誤差分辨單元都控制在1個像元以內(nèi),能夠滿足PS點地理編碼的精度要求。另外,提出了獨立建筑物上PS點的高程恢復算法,在ArcGlobe平臺實現(xiàn)了PS點三維可視化。 (4)采用長短基線迭代的PSI方法對上海中心城區(qū)進行地表形變分析,結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出由大規(guī)模工程建設引起的沉降“小漏斗”特征,獲得的結(jié)果與水準地面測量結(jié)果基本吻合。與ENVISAT獲取的沉降結(jié)果對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在城市地面沉降中心識別和監(jiān)測能力上存在一致性,但是,由于CSK的點位密度更高,對沉降中心的最大沉降量監(jiān)測更為準確。對地面沉降與城市建設相關分析表明,不斷增加的建筑物載荷和地鐵建設對地面沉降的貢獻不容忽視。 (5)采用建筑物和背景地物分離的PSI方法對上海地鐵10號線建設沿線的3棟高層建筑進行了精細監(jiān)測,并實現(xiàn)了獨立建筑物四維信息的表達。實驗結(jié)果表明,與低層建筑物相比,高層建筑沉降不明顯,受地鐵開挖影響較小。 本文的主要創(chuàng)新點有：(1)提出長短基線迭代組合的PSI方法,為城市建筑密集區(qū)大范圍的地表形變監(jiān)測提供了新的途徑。(2)提出建筑物和背景地物分離的PSI方法,為小范圍內(nèi)獨立建筑物的精細監(jiān)測提供了新的方法。(3)利用R-D定位模型和參考影像的幾何校正方法對PS點進行地理編碼,提高了PS點地理編碼的精度。提出獨立建筑物上PS點的高程恢復算法,實現(xiàn)了PS點的三維可視化展示,從而更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)建筑體形變規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, high-rise buildings, rail transit, high-speed rail, elevated roads and other major projects have become basic projects to maintain the city's functions. In order to avoid and reduce the impact and harm caused by land subsidence, a scientific and efficient monitoring method is urgently needed. In recent years, differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) technology has been used. The application of D-InSAR time series analysis method, especially the Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) method, has greatly enhanced the application ability of D-InSAR technology in urban land subsidence monitoring. The main difficulty is how to solve the problem of high phase gradient between buildings and background objects under the condition of long baseline without high precision urban digital terrain model (DSM). Good visualization of PS points in high resolution urban areas represented by radar coordinates is also a problem to be considered.
In view of the above problems, this paper studies the key technologies of high resolution PSI surface deformation monitoring in major urban engineering areas, and achieves the following main results:
(1) The PSI differential phase modeling and time domain phase unwrapping strategy are improved, and the PSI algorithm based on long and short baselines iteration combination is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly suppress the influence of high phase gradient on the results of elevation and deformation extraction, and can be used to monitor the elevation and deformation of large-scale high-rise buildings in urban areas. Ability.
(2) To improve the traditional PS dot netting method, a PSI method for separating buildings and background objects is proposed. Compared with the long-short baseline iteration method, this method can effectively monitor the fine deformation characteristics of buildings and improve the precision of deformation monitoring of single building. However, limited by the separation technology, it is more suitable for a small area alone. Fine monitoring of buildings.
(3) Geographic coding of PS points is carried out by using rough geometric correction based on range Doppler (R-D) positioning model and precise geometric correction based on SPOT5 reference image. Experiments show that the error resolution units in both X and Y directions are controlled within one pixel, which can meet the accuracy requirements of geocoding of PS points. The height recovery algorithm of PS points on buildings is realized, and the 3D visualization of PS points is realized on the ArcGlobe platform.
(4) The long-short baseline iteration PSI method is used to analyze the surface deformation in the central area of Shanghai. The results show that the settlement caused by large-scale engineering construction is "small funnel" and the results are basically consistent with the leveling ground survey results. There is consistency in identifying and monitoring capacity, but because of the higher point density of CSK, it is more accurate to monitor the maximum settlement of settlement center.
(5) Three high-rise buildings along Shanghai Metro Line 10 were carefully monitored by PSI method with the separation of buildings and background objects, and the four-dimensional information of independent buildings was expressed.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) The PSI method of long-short baseline iteration combination is proposed, which provides a new way for large-scale surface deformation monitoring in urban building-intensive areas. (2) The PSI method of separating buildings from background objects is proposed, which provides a new method for fine monitoring of small-scale independent buildings. (3) The R-D positioning model and the R-D positioning model are used. Geometric correction method of reference image is used to geocoding PS points, which improves the precision of geocoding. A height recovery algorithm of PS points on independent buildings is proposed, which realizes 3D visualization display of PS points, so it is easier to find the deformation law of buildings.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P225.1;TU196
本文編號：2240167
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, high-rise buildings, rail transit, high-speed rail, elevated roads and other major projects have become basic projects to maintain the city's functions. In order to avoid and reduce the impact and harm caused by land subsidence, a scientific and efficient monitoring method is urgently needed. In recent years, differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) technology has been used. The application of D-InSAR time series analysis method, especially the Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) method, has greatly enhanced the application ability of D-InSAR technology in urban land subsidence monitoring. The main difficulty is how to solve the problem of high phase gradient between buildings and background objects under the condition of long baseline without high precision urban digital terrain model (DSM). Good visualization of PS points in high resolution urban areas represented by radar coordinates is also a problem to be considered.
In view of the above problems, this paper studies the key technologies of high resolution PSI surface deformation monitoring in major urban engineering areas, and achieves the following main results:
(1) The PSI differential phase modeling and time domain phase unwrapping strategy are improved, and the PSI algorithm based on long and short baselines iteration combination is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly suppress the influence of high phase gradient on the results of elevation and deformation extraction, and can be used to monitor the elevation and deformation of large-scale high-rise buildings in urban areas. Ability.
(2) To improve the traditional PS dot netting method, a PSI method for separating buildings and background objects is proposed. Compared with the long-short baseline iteration method, this method can effectively monitor the fine deformation characteristics of buildings and improve the precision of deformation monitoring of single building. However, limited by the separation technology, it is more suitable for a small area alone. Fine monitoring of buildings.
(3) Geographic coding of PS points is carried out by using rough geometric correction based on range Doppler (R-D) positioning model and precise geometric correction based on SPOT5 reference image. Experiments show that the error resolution units in both X and Y directions are controlled within one pixel, which can meet the accuracy requirements of geocoding of PS points. The height recovery algorithm of PS points on buildings is realized, and the 3D visualization of PS points is realized on the ArcGlobe platform.
(4) The long-short baseline iteration PSI method is used to analyze the surface deformation in the central area of Shanghai. The results show that the settlement caused by large-scale engineering construction is "small funnel" and the results are basically consistent with the leveling ground survey results. There is consistency in identifying and monitoring capacity, but because of the higher point density of CSK, it is more accurate to monitor the maximum settlement of settlement center.
(5) Three high-rise buildings along Shanghai Metro Line 10 were carefully monitored by PSI method with the separation of buildings and background objects, and the four-dimensional information of independent buildings was expressed.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) The PSI method of long-short baseline iteration combination is proposed, which provides a new way for large-scale surface deformation monitoring in urban building-intensive areas. (2) The PSI method of separating buildings from background objects is proposed, which provides a new method for fine monitoring of small-scale independent buildings. (3) The R-D positioning model and the R-D positioning model are used. Geometric correction method of reference image is used to geocoding PS points, which improves the precision of geocoding. A height recovery algorithm of PS points on independent buildings is proposed, which realizes 3D visualization display of PS points, so it is easier to find the deformation law of buildings.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P225.1;TU196
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