【摘要】：土地資源作為極其重要的生產(chǎn)資源，是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，也是人類社會不可替代的財富。近年來，隨著人口增加、環(huán)境污染、氣候變化等一系列問題的日趨加重，全球土地資源發(fā)生著劇烈變化，并嚴(yán)重制約人類社會的生存和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此，及時、準(zhǔn)確地了解土地覆蓋及變化信息，對于推進(jìn)土地資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著十分重要的意義。 本文以Landsat TM/ETM+影像和HJ-CCD影像作為數(shù)據(jù)源，應(yīng)用遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)手段和研究方法，探討水體、植被等覆蓋信息的提取方法，并結(jié)合氣象數(shù)據(jù)，刻畫水體、植被覆蓋的時空變化特征。本研究首先對主要土地覆蓋類型進(jìn)行采樣，分析了各主要土地覆蓋類型的光譜特點，由此構(gòu)建了水體、植被信息的提取模型，并對提取結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度評價；然后對射洪縣水體和植被信息的年內(nèi)、年際變化進(jìn)行研究；在對射洪縣植被覆蓋的年內(nèi)及年際變化的研究中，深入分析了射洪縣各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的植被覆蓋情況。通過研究得到以下主要結(jié)論： (1)構(gòu)建了射洪縣水體和植被信息提取模型，并提取了多序列的水體和植被數(shù)據(jù)，從而刻畫射洪縣年內(nèi)(2009年、2010年)及年際同月份間(5月、8月和10月)水體和植被的空間分布特征。 (2)對射洪縣2009年、2010年的水體和植被覆蓋信息的年內(nèi)時空變化情況進(jìn)行了分析。研究顯示，2009年6月水體和植被覆蓋面積最大，2009年2月水體和植被覆蓋面積最小；2009年2月-6月間水體和植被覆蓋面積變化最大，增加的水體和植被覆蓋面積分別約占縣域面積的2.29%和26.45%。2010年9月水體和植被覆蓋面積最大，2010年3月水體和植被覆蓋面積最�。�2010年3月-9月間水體和植被覆蓋面積變化最大，增加的水體和植被覆蓋面積分別約占縣域面積的2.03%和30.79%。 (3)對射洪縣5月、8月和10月的水體和植被覆蓋信息的年際變化特征進(jìn)行了分析。研究表明，2010年5月水體覆蓋面積最大，2007年5月水體覆蓋面積最小，2007年5月-2010年5月水體覆蓋面積變化最大，增加的水體覆蓋面積分別約占縣域面積的1.04%；2000年5月植被覆蓋面積最大，2010年5月植被覆蓋面積最小，2000年5月-2010年5月植被覆蓋面積減少了345.83km2，約占縣域面積的-23%。2012年8月水體和植被覆蓋面積較大，，1992年8月水體和植被覆蓋面積較小，1992年8月-2012年8月水體和植被覆蓋面積變化最大，增加的水體和植被覆蓋面積分別約占縣域面積的0.58%和4.74%；2002年10月水體和植被覆蓋面積較小，2009年10月水體和植被覆蓋面積較大，2002年10月-2009年10月水體和植被覆蓋面積變化最大，增加的水體和植被覆蓋面積分別約占縣域面積的0.17%和4.59%。
[Abstract]:As an extremely important productive resource, land resource is the foundation of human survival and development, and also the irreplaceable wealth of human society. In recent years, with the increasing population, environmental pollution, climate change and a series of problems, the global land resources have undergone drastic changes, and seriously restricted the survival and sustainable development of human society. Therefore, timely and accurate understanding of land cover and change information is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of land resources. In this paper, Landsat TM/ETM image and HJ-CCD image are used as data sources, and the technical means and research methods of remote sensing and GIS are used to study the extraction method of water body, vegetation and other covering information, and to depict water body by combining meteorological data. Temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation cover. Firstly, the main land cover types are sampled, and the spectral characteristics of the main land cover types are analyzed. The extraction model of water body and vegetation information is constructed, and the accuracy of the extraction results is evaluated. Then, the interannual variation of water body and vegetation information in Shehong County is studied, and the vegetation coverage of each township in Shehong County is deeply analyzed in the study of the annual and interannual variation of vegetation cover in Shehong County. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the model of extracting water and vegetation information in Shehong County is constructed, and the multi-sequence data of water body and vegetation are extracted. Thus, the spatial distribution characteristics of water body and vegetation in Shehong County in 2009 and 2010 and in the same month (May, August and October) are described. (2) the temporal and spatial distribution of water body and vegetation cover information in 2009 and 2010 in Shehong County. The changes were analyzed. The results showed that the water body and vegetation cover area was the largest in June 2009 and the smallest in February 2009, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most between February and June 2009. The increased water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 2.29% and 26.45% of the county area respectively in September 2010, and the water body and vegetation cover area in March 2010 were the smallest, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most between March and September 2010. The increased water and vegetation cover area accounted for 2.03% and 30.79% of the county area respectively. (3) the interannual variation characteristics of water body and vegetation cover information in May, August and October in Shehong County were analyzed. The results showed that the water cover area was the largest in May 2010, the smallest in May 2007, and the largest in May 2007-May 2010. The increase of water cover area accounted for 1.044% of the county area respectively. The vegetation cover area was the largest in May 2000 and the smallest in May 2010. The vegetation cover area decreased by 345.83 km2 from May 2000 to May 2010, accounting for about -23.2.The water body and vegetation cover area in August 2012 was larger than that in August 1992. And vegetation cover area was smaller, the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most from August 1992 to August 2012, The increase of water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 0.58% and 4.74% of the county area respectively in October 2002, the water body and vegetation cover area was smaller in October 2002, the water body and vegetation cover area was larger in October 2009, and the water body and vegetation cover area changed the most from October 2002 to October 2009. The increased water body and vegetation cover area accounted for 0.17% and 4.59% of the county area, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;P237

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 馬明國,董立新,王雪梅;過去21a中國西北植被覆蓋動態(tài)監(jiān)測與模擬[J];冰川凍土;2003年02期

2 栗敏光;范洪冬;鄧喀中;;基于LBV變換的TM數(shù)據(jù)水體提取新方法[J];測繪科學(xué);2010年03期

3 肖艷芳;趙文吉;朱琳;;利用TM影像Band1與Band7提取水體信息[J];測繪科學(xué);2010年05期

4 范澤孟,岳天祥,劉紀(jì)遠(yuǎn),馬勝男;中國土地覆蓋時空變化未來情景分析[J];地理學(xué)報;2005年06期

5 李秀彬;全球環(huán)境變化研究的核心領(lǐng)域──土地利用／土地覆被變化的國際研究動向[J];地理學(xué)報;1996年06期

6 柳海鷹,高吉喜,李政海;土地覆蓋及土地利用遙感研究進(jìn)展[J];國土資源遙感;2001年04期

7 曹凱;江南;李新國;呂恒;;基于SPOT-5圖像的城市水體自動提取模型研究[J];國土資源遙感;2005年04期

8 姜騰龍;趙書河;肖鵬峰;陳淑興;;基于光譜夾角的水體信息提取方法研究[J];國土資源遙感;2009年02期

9 閔文彬;長江上游MODIS影像的水體自動提取方法[J];高原氣象;2004年S1期

10 穆少杰;李建龍;陳奕兆;剛成誠;周偉;居為民;;2001-2010年內(nèi)蒙古植被覆蓋度時空變化特征[J];地理學(xué)報;2012年09期

本文編號：2237227