【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(dá)(SAR)能夠穿云透霧,具有全天時(shí)全天候監(jiān)測(cè)的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),能夠彌補(bǔ)光學(xué)傳感器在多云雨霧地區(qū)無(wú)法獲取有效數(shù)據(jù)的缺陷,已成為遙感信息提取的重要手段。隨著高分SAR衛(wèi)星的陸續(xù)發(fā)射,城市典型地物提取已成為高分SAR的應(yīng)用熱點(diǎn),可為城市規(guī)劃、土地利用監(jiān)測(cè)、人口密度調(diào)查等提供可持續(xù)的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。由于高分辨率SAR影像城市地物復(fù)雜的散射特性,目前基于高分辨率SAR數(shù)據(jù)的典型地物提取的精度不高。同時(shí),高分辨率SAR影像的高維非線性特點(diǎn)使城市典型地物自動(dòng)提取的難度加大。流形學(xué)習(xí)作為一類(lèi)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的新方法,能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)高維空間數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)特征。將善于處理非線性數(shù)據(jù)的流形學(xué)習(xí)方法應(yīng)用于高分辨率SAR影像的特征提取,有利于提高目標(biāo)識(shí)別精度。因此,為提高城市典型地物識(shí)別和提取精度,研究典型地物自動(dòng)提取技術(shù),論文研究基于流形學(xué)習(xí)方法的高分辨率SAR影像城市典型地物特征提取與識(shí)別方法。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)分析了高分辨率SAR影像的城市典型地物特征并構(gòu)建了高維特征集。首先,從幾何特征、輻射特征及各城市地物的圖像特征對(duì)高分辨率SAR影像進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析;其次,利用經(jīng)典的二階概率統(tǒng)計(jì)方法灰度共生矩陣(Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix,GLCM)提取了圖像8種紋理特征,與圖像的灰度特征構(gòu)建SAR影像的高維特征集;最后,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,確定了紋理特征提取的最佳窗口參數(shù)。(2)分別選擇拉普拉斯特征映射(Laplacian Eigenmap,LE)、局部線性嵌入(Locally Linear Embedding,LLE)、Hessian局部線性嵌入算法(Hessian Locally Linear Embedding,HLLE)、局部切空間排列(Local Tangent Space Alignment,LTSA)、局部保持投影(Locality Preserving Projections,LPP)5種典型的流形學(xué)習(xí)方法對(duì)三種城市典型地物類(lèi)型(建筑區(qū)、水體、體育場(chǎng))的高維特征集進(jìn)行降維,最終提取出三種地物類(lèi)型,并對(duì)5種方法提取的結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度評(píng)價(jià),綜合分析了各種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。(3)對(duì)選擇的局部切空間排列(Local Tangent Space Alignment,LTSA)方法,針對(duì)高分SAR數(shù)據(jù)分布不均的情況進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。綜合考慮流形形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與樣本鄰域的歐式距離,對(duì)原方法的切空間估計(jì)進(jìn)行加權(quán)改進(jìn),提出了一種基于距離與結(jié)構(gòu)加權(quán)的局部切空間排列算法(Distance and Structure Weighting Local Tangent Space Alignment,DSWLTSA),并將算法應(yīng)用到高分SAR圖像高維特征集的維數(shù)約簡(jiǎn)中。以3種典型的地物為例,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)DSWLTSA和LTSA算法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,驗(yàn)證了DSWLTSA算法的有效性;通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)深入的分析了DSWLTSA算法的適用性和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。(4)針對(duì)局部線性嵌入算法(Locally Linear Embedding,LLE)對(duì)于樣本采樣稀疏效果不好的問(wèn)題,提出一種基于均勻化樣本距離的LLE算法(Distance Homogenization Locally Linear Embedding,DHLLE),新的方法通過(guò)對(duì)樣本之間距離的重新計(jì)算,使問(wèn)題得到改善。將算法應(yīng)用到高分SAR圖像高維特征集的維數(shù)約簡(jiǎn)中。驗(yàn)證了LLE算法與DHLLE算法對(duì)城市典型地物的識(shí)別能力,并對(duì)比分析了DHLLE算法與DSWLTSA算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can wear cloud permeable fog, and has the unique advantage of all-weather all weather monitoring. It can make up for the defect that optical sensor can not obtain effective data in the cloudy and fog area. It has become an important means of remote sensing information extraction. With the launching of high SAR satellite, the city typical ground extraction has become a high grade SAR Hot spots provide sustainable scientific basic data for urban planning, land use monitoring, population density survey and so on. Due to the complex scattering characteristics of high resolution SAR images, the accuracy of typical terrain extraction based on high resolution SAR data is not high. At the same time, high dimensional nonlinear characteristics of high resolution SAR images make cities The difficulty of automatic extraction of typical objects is more difficult. Manifold learning, as a new method of machine learning, can discover the intrinsic characteristics of high dimensional spatial data. The manifold learning method, which is good at dealing with nonlinear data, is applied to the feature extraction of high resolution SAR images, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of target recognition. Therefore, to improve the city code The automatic extraction technology of typical ground objects is studied and the method of extracting and identifying the typical features of the city based on the manifold learning method is studied in this paper. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the city canonical features of high resolution SAR images are analyzed and the high vate collection is constructed. First, the SAR feature collection is constructed. The high resolution SAR images are analyzed in detail. Secondly, 8 texture features are extracted by the classical two order probability statistical method of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and the high Vitter collection of the SAR image is constructed with the gray features of the image. Finally, through the experimental analysis, the optimum window parameters for texture feature extraction are determined. (2) select Laplasse Eigenmap (LE), local linear embedding (Locally Linear Embedding, LLE), Hessian local linear embedding algorithm (Hessian Locally Linear Embedding,), local tangent space arrangement Alignment, LTSA), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP), 5 typical manifold learning methods are used to reduce the dimension of the high Vette collection of three typical types of city objects (construction area, water body, stadium), and finally extract three types of ground objects, and evaluate the accuracy of the results extracted by the 5 methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the method. (3) to improve the Local Tangent Space Alignment (LTSA) method, to improve the uneven distribution of the high grade SAR data. Considering the Euclidean distance between the shape structure of the manifold and the neighborhood of the sample, a weighted improvement is made for the estimation of the tangent space of the original method, and a kind of distance and junction based on the distance and knot is proposed. The weighted local tangent spatial arrangement algorithm (Distance and Structure Weighting Local Tangent Space Alignment, DSWLTSA) is applied to the dimensionality reduction of high grade SAR image high vet collection. The validity of the algorithm is verified by comparison and analysis of DSWLTSA and LTSA calculations with 3 typical terrain objects. The applicability and application value of DSWLTSA algorithm are analyzed through experiments. (4) a LLE algorithm based on homogeneous sample distance (Distance Homogenization Locally Linear Embedding, DHLLE) is proposed for local linear embedding algorithm (Locally Linear Embedding, LLE), which is not good for sample sampling sparse results. The algorithm improves the problem by recalculating the distance between samples. The algorithm is applied to the dimensionality reduction of high SAR image high VAT collection. The recognition ability of LLE and DHLLE algorithm for typical urban terrain is verified, and the advantages and disadvantages of DHLLE algorithm and DSWLTSA algorithm are compared and analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P237

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