【摘要】：隨著全球氣候變暖,全球大部分冰川都出現(xiàn)加速消融與退縮的趨勢(shì)。監(jiān)測(cè)冰川變化對(duì)于計(jì)算冰川對(duì)全球海平面上升的貢獻(xiàn)量,分析全球氣候的變化規(guī)律以及評(píng)估區(qū)域淡水資源的儲(chǔ)量變化具有重要意義。而冰川面積是研究冰川變化的重要參數(shù)。 目前,利用多時(shí)相遙感數(shù)據(jù)提取冰川信息已經(jīng)成為冰川面積變化監(jiān)測(cè)的主要手段。論文首先提出一種改進(jìn)的冰川信息提取方法,并將改進(jìn)的方法應(yīng)用于青藏高原格拉丹東地區(qū)的冰川研究中,獲取了該地區(qū)多時(shí)相的冰川面積參數(shù),并分析了冰川變化與氣象數(shù)據(jù)的關(guān)系。首次使用我國(guó)自主研制的HJ-1A/1B衛(wèi)星影像提取冰川的面積參數(shù)。論文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： (1)提出了一種綜合波段比值和水體指數(shù)的高山區(qū)冰川信息提取方法,與單獨(dú)波段比值法及人工目視解譯比較的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)方法提取的冰川邊界更加準(zhǔn)確,消除了地表水對(duì)冰川信息提取的影響,提高了冰川制圖精度與效率。 (2)采用綜合波段比值和水體指數(shù)的改進(jìn)方法提取了格拉丹東雪山1992、1999、2006及2009年的冰川和冰川湖的面積參數(shù)。通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在1992-2009年期間冰川一直處于退縮狀態(tài),而冰川湖處于不斷擴(kuò)張狀態(tài),兩者緊密相連,呈非線性負(fù)相關(guān)。最后通過(guò)對(duì)氣象數(shù)據(jù)分析得到如下結(jié)論,夏季氣溫的顯著升高可能是造成該區(qū)域冰川持續(xù)退縮的主要因素。 (3)首次采用HJ-1A/1B數(shù)據(jù)提取冰川信息。并對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了最大似然法、支持向量機(jī)法及基于HJ-1A/1B數(shù)據(jù)的決策樹(shù)法等三種遙感分類(lèi)方法提取冰川信息的精度；試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,支持向量機(jī)方法提取的冰川信息精度最高。圖14幅,表9個(gè),參考文獻(xiàn)80篇。
[Abstract]:With global warming, most glaciers around the world are accelerating melting and retreating. Monitoring glacial changes is of great significance in calculating the contribution of glaciers to global sea level rise, analyzing the regularity of global climate change and evaluating the changes of regional freshwater reserves. The area of glacier is an important parameter to study the change of glacier. At present, extracting glacier information from multitemporal remote sensing data has become the main means to monitor glacier area change. In this paper, an improved method of extracting glacier information is put forward, and the improved method is applied to the study of glaciers in Gradendong area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the parameters of glacial area in this area are obtained. The relationship between glacier change and meteorological data is analyzed. For the first time, the HJ-1A / 1B satellite image is used to extract the glacier area parameters. The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) A method of extracting glacier information from alpine region is proposed, which combines the ratio of wave band and water body index. The experimental results show that the method is compared with the ratio method of single band and artificial visual interpretation. The improved method for extracting glacier boundaries is more accurate, eliminating the influence of surface water on the extraction of glacier information. The accuracy and efficiency of glacial mapping were improved. (2) the area parameters of glacier and glacial lake were extracted from Glacier and Glacier Lake in 1992 / 99 / 2006 and 2009 by the improved method of comprehensive band ratio and water body index. From the analysis, it is found that the glacier retreated from 1992 to 2009, while the glacial lake is in the expanding state. The two are closely related and have a nonlinear negative correlation. Finally, through the analysis of meteorological data, it is concluded that the significant increase of summer temperature may be the main factor that causes the continuous retreat of glaciers in the region. (3) the HJ-1A / 1B data is used for the first time to extract glacier information. The accuracy of maximum likelihood method, support vector machine method and decision tree method based on HJ-1A / 1B data are compared to verify the accuracy of the three remote sensing classification methods for extracting glacier information, and the experimental results show that the accuracy of glacier information extracted by support vector machine method is the highest. There are 14 figures, 9 tables and 80 references.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P237;P343.6

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