本文選題：空間知識 + 地圖服務(wù)�。� 參考：《解放軍信息工程大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：21世紀是“大數(shù)據(jù)”讀圖時代,計算機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊科技的迅猛發(fā)展使大眾用戶能夠獲取海量地理信息;當(dāng)前又是知識經(jīng)濟時代,如何緩解信息過載、解決地圖服務(wù)千篇一律與用戶空間知識需求多樣化之間的矛盾,己成為時代賦予地圖學(xué)與地理信息系統(tǒng)等學(xué)科的新使命。由此,空間知識地圖服務(wù)(Geospatial Knowledge Map Service,縮寫GKMS)應(yīng)運而生,空間知識地圖服務(wù)具有知識化和個性化兩大優(yōu)勢,使地圖由“傳統(tǒng)單幅地圖,試圖全部滿足眾多用戶多樣化需求”,提升至“多幅、多層、多模式、參數(shù)化模板的動態(tài)地圖,一一對應(yīng)的主動滿足個體用戶多樣化空間知識需求”,從而進一步提高地圖服務(wù)的可用性和用戶滿意度,具有重大研究意義和實用價值,是學(xué)科新的前沿?zé)狳c。實現(xiàn)空間知識地圖服務(wù)需要研究空間知識地圖服務(wù)是什么、理論基礎(chǔ)是什么、用戶需要獲得什么、怎樣為用戶獲取以及如何可視化表達等一系列亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問題。為此,本文立足用戶研究,以滿足用戶空間知識需求為主線,實現(xiàn)空間知識地圖服務(wù)為目標,開展相關(guān)理論研究,分析以用戶為中心的多維情境,探討空間知識獲取和空間知識地圖可視化表達中用戶研究的關(guān)鍵理論與方法。主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點如下:1.空間知識地圖服務(wù)及用戶研究背景、相關(guān)理論與技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀分析�；诋�(dāng)前研究背景探討學(xué)科研究前沿及發(fā)展趨勢,綜述地圖學(xué)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域用戶研究的基礎(chǔ)理論、實驗方法和關(guān)鍵技術(shù),總結(jié)知識服務(wù)及空間知識地圖服務(wù)相關(guān)理論、技術(shù)及成果,分析研究現(xiàn)狀,提出本文研究思路,闡明研究目的及意義,概述了將要展開的研究工作。2.用戶研究理論基礎(chǔ)。研究用戶獲取空間知識的相關(guān)理論,論述空間知識獲取經(jīng)驗塔,分析情境的多維性和雙重性,說明智力三維結(jié)構(gòu)理論,闡述行為理論相關(guān)論點,運用活動理論提出用戶獲取空間知識的活動系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模型;總結(jié)空間知識概念,歸納空間知識多級分類體系,論述空間知識地圖概念并說明關(guān)鍵問題、展開相關(guān)辨析;討論空間知識地圖服務(wù)要點,分析服務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)、總結(jié)服務(wù)模式;創(chuàng)新用戶空間知識轉(zhuǎn)化CECI模型,進而分析空間知識地圖服務(wù)研究框架,提出用戶研究兩大關(guān)鍵策略。3.以用戶為中心的多維情境分析與建模。分析用戶獲取空間知識的多維情境因素,創(chuàng)新性地將多維情境分為用戶當(dāng)前外情境域和角色預(yù)期內(nèi)情境域,針對多維情境各組成部分特別是用戶角色情境展開具體分析,并探討了人機交互和情境獲取的問題;將用戶需求、多維情境因素及空間知識地圖服務(wù)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)聯(lián),提出并解析了用戶空間知識需求的五個層次;構(gòu)建用戶空間知識獲取服務(wù)流程模型和服務(wù)系統(tǒng)組織架構(gòu),分析了關(guān)鍵模塊、說明了關(guān)鍵問題。4.用戶調(diào)控獲取空間知識研究。根據(jù)知識轉(zhuǎn)換模式,探討了融合地學(xué)專業(yè)知識發(fā)現(xiàn)方法和技術(shù)、基于主觀地理情境調(diào)控獲取空間知識的機制;進行用戶知識庫構(gòu)建研究,設(shè)計系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),描述事實后進行情境事實的組織和管理,構(gòu)建角色-行為-對象-特征關(guān)聯(lián)樹,研究多種調(diào)控類規(guī)則提取策略,確定知識表示方法;進而綜合多種用戶研究方法,開展用戶知識庫基礎(chǔ)實驗;針對POI推薦問題,分析推薦情境因素,設(shè)計推薦流程,改進TOPSIS算法進行用戶綜合效用規(guī)則的提取與應(yīng)用實驗。5.空間知識地圖可視化的用戶研究。論述空間知識地圖可視化要點,以用戶為中心構(gòu)建情境因素影響環(huán),探討地圖可視化關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié);分析雙重編碼理論,基于PASS模型討論用戶視覺感受和空間認知問題,提出空間知識地圖設(shè)計流程;基于用戶視覺感受的無意識性,進行地圖模板用戶視覺感受眼動實驗,分析用戶靜態(tài)情境因素,改進C4.5算法提取地圖模板匹配規(guī)則并加以驗證;進行凸顯用戶認知需求的空間知識地圖符號設(shè)計,提出基于語言學(xué)的設(shè)計策略,通過符素情境語義構(gòu)建和符號陳述語法構(gòu)造,將符號表達與知識陳述相關(guān)聯(lián),根據(jù)符號設(shè)計機制設(shè)計符號,并進行了實驗驗證。6.空間知識地圖服務(wù)試驗系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。說明城市空間知識地圖服務(wù)的用戶需求背景,設(shè)計試驗系統(tǒng)功能框架,擬定技術(shù)方案,分析多維情境數(shù)據(jù)獲取與預(yù)處理的問題,構(gòu)建了試驗系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫;探討地圖服務(wù)功能模型編制方法,闡述用戶知識庫建立的關(guān)鍵問題,編制調(diào)控類規(guī)則獲取模型,實現(xiàn)了十余種空間知識地圖服務(wù)功能;論述試驗系統(tǒng)地圖可視化的技術(shù)實現(xiàn)方法,最后對試驗系統(tǒng)進行了初步評價。
[Abstract]:In the era of "big data" reading in twenty-first Century, the rapid development of computer and network communication technology enables mass users to obtain massive geographic information. At present, it is the era of knowledge economy, how to alleviate the information overload, solve the contradiction between the map service and the needs of the user space knowledge, which has become an era endowed with cartography. With the new mission of the geography information system and other disciplines, the spatial knowledge map service (Geospatial Knowledge Map Service, abbreviated GKMS) came into being. The spatial knowledge map service has the two advantages of knowledge and individuation, making the map from "the traditional single map, trying to meet the diverse needs of many users" to "many," Multi-layer, multi mode, parameterized template dynamic map, one to one corresponding initiative to meet individual users' diversity of spatial knowledge needs, thus further improving the usability and user satisfaction of map services, which has great research significance and practical value. It is a new frontier of the subject. Space knowledge map service needs research space. What is the knowledge map service, what is the basis of the theory, what the user needs to obtain, how to get the user and how to visualize the expression and so on. Therefore, this paper is based on the user research, to meet the user's spatial knowledge demand as the main line, to realize the spatial knowledge map service as the goal, to carry out the related theory research. This paper analyzes the key theory and method of user research in spatial knowledge acquisition and spatial knowledge map visualization. The main research contents and innovation points are as follows: 1. spatial knowledge map service and user research background, related theory and technology research status analysis. Based on the current research background, the research background is discussed. The research frontiers and development trends of the subject are summarized. The basic theory, the experimental method and the key technology of the user research in the cartography and related fields are summarized. The related theories, techniques and achievements of knowledge service and spatial knowledge map service are summarized, the present situation is analyzed, the research ideas are put forward, the purpose and significance of the research are put forward, and the research workers will be outlined. Based on the theoretical basis of.2. user research, this paper studies the theory of user acquisition of spatial knowledge, discusses the experience tower of spatial knowledge acquisition, analyzes the multidimensional and duality of the situation, explains the theory of the three-dimensional structure of intelligence, expounds the related arguments of behavior theory, and puts forward the structure model of the activity system for the user to obtain spatial knowledge by using activity theory; and summarizes the space. The concept of knowledge, the multi-stage classification system of spatial knowledge is summarized, the concept of spatial knowledge map is discussed and the key problems are explained. The related discrimination is discussed. The key points of spatial knowledge map service are discussed, the service structure is analyzed, the service mode is summarized, the CECI model of the transformation of the user space knowledge is innovating, and then the framework of the spatial knowledge map service is analyzed, and the users are put forward. The two key strategy,.3., is based on user centered multi-dimensional situation analysis and modeling. It analyzes the multi-dimensional situational factors for users to acquire spatial knowledge, and divides multi-dimensional situations into the user's current external situation and the role expected situation domain. In this paper, the problems of human-computer interaction and situation acquisition are discussed. The five levels of user spatial knowledge requirements are proposed and analyzed by using user needs, multidimensional situational factors and spatial knowledge map service system. A service flow model and a service system organization structure of user space knowledge acquisition are constructed, and the key modules are analyzed, and the key problem.4 is explained. User control obtains spatial knowledge research. According to the knowledge conversion model, it discusses the methods and techniques of integrating Geoscience Knowledge Discovery, the mechanism of acquiring spatial knowledge based on the subjective geographical situation, the research on the construction of user knowledge base, the design of the system architecture, the organization and management of the situation facts after the description of the facts, and the construction of the role line. For the object feature association tree, it studies the rules extraction strategy of various regulation class, determines the knowledge representation method, and then combines multiple user research methods to carry out the basic experiment of the user knowledge base. According to the POI recommendation problem, it analyzes and recommends the situation factors, designs the recommendation process, and improves the TOPSIS algorithm for the extraction and application of the user's comprehensive utility rules. A user research on the visualization of.5. spatial knowledge map. The key points of spatial knowledge map visualization are discussed. The key link of situational factors is constructed with user centered, the key link of map visualization is discussed. The dual coding theory is analyzed and the user visual perception and spatial recognition problems are discussed based on the PASS model, and the spatial knowledge map design process is proposed. The unconsciousness of the user's visual perception, the user visual perception experiment of the map template, the analysis of the static situation factors of the user, the improvement of the C4.5 algorithm to extract the map template matching rules and verification, and the design of the spatial knowledge map symbol design which highlights the user's cognitive requirements, and the design strategy based on the linguistics, through the symbol situation language. The semantic construction and symbolic statement are constructed, the symbol expression is associated with the knowledge statement, and the symbol design mechanism is designed. The design and implementation of the.6. spatial knowledge map service test system are designed and verified by experiments. The user needs of the urban spatial knowledge map service are described, the functional framework of the test system is designed, and the technical side is drawn up. This paper analyzes the problem of multidimensional situation data acquisition and preprocessing, constructs the database of the test system, discusses the method of mapping the function model of map service, expounds the key problems of establishing the user knowledge base, compiling the rule acquisition model, realizing more than ten kinds of spatial knowledge map service functions, and discussing the technology of visualization of the test system map. Finally, the preliminary evaluation of the test system is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208
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本文編號：2097382