本文選題：動(dòng)態(tài)定位 + 后處理�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)定位(RTK)是GPS重要的應(yīng)用研究領(lǐng)域之一,通過(guò)建立參考站與流動(dòng)站間的無(wú)線通信鏈路獲取運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的實(shí)時(shí)位置。但對(duì)于沒(méi)有實(shí)時(shí)性要求的應(yīng)用,可將采集到的數(shù)據(jù)帶回室內(nèi)進(jìn)行后處理,即動(dòng)態(tài)后處理。同時(shí),精密星歷的使用及更完善的誤差模型修正也使得動(dòng)態(tài)定位后處理在定位精度方面更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。Track是目前動(dòng)態(tài)定位后處理的常用解算模塊,它運(yùn)行在UNIX或LINUX操作系統(tǒng)上,安裝復(fù)雜且不具備可視化界面。 鑒于這些需求與不足,本文通過(guò)研讀Track源代碼,在掌握單歷元?jiǎng)討B(tài)定位理論的基礎(chǔ)上針對(duì)Windwos操作系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)了一套界面友好的動(dòng)態(tài)定位后處理原型程序,并使用實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),分析了原型程序的模糊度解算能力和定位精度,討論了不同基線長(zhǎng)度與定位精度的關(guān)系、不同觀測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)與定位精度的關(guān)系。 本程序的核心是整周模糊度解算和單歷元卡爾曼濾波定位,包括以下功能模塊：文件讀取模塊；參數(shù)設(shè)置模塊；模糊度解算模塊；卡爾曼濾波模塊；其他輔助功能模塊(文檔輸出、坐標(biāo)系轉(zhuǎn)換、時(shí)間系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換、時(shí)序圖顯示、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢等)。 本文通過(guò)八組實(shí)測(cè)IGS或四川CORS網(wǎng)觀測(cè)1HZ數(shù)據(jù)展開(kāi)試驗(yàn)。前四組數(shù)據(jù)具有相同觀測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)(1小時(shí)),基線長(zhǎng)度分別為5km、42kmm、123kmm、235km,用于分析程序的整周模糊度解算能力和不同基線長(zhǎng)度的定位精度；后四組數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)站相同、起始時(shí)間相同,觀測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)分別為15分鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、60分鐘,用于分析觀測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)與定位精度的關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)方法為提取Track模塊和本程序解算各組數(shù)據(jù)的整周模糊度和坐標(biāo)結(jié)果,比較兩程序解算的坐標(biāo)均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,并將均值與測(cè)站理論坐標(biāo)作比較。試驗(yàn)結(jié)論如下： 本程序的整周模糊度解與Track計(jì)算結(jié)果基本吻合,部分模糊度存在1-2周差異。Track處理1HZ數(shù)據(jù),短基線的定位精度可達(dá)毫米級(jí)；中短基線水平精度可達(dá)毫米,高程精度為1-2厘米；中長(zhǎng)基線的水平定位精度在1-2厘米,高程精度在2-3厘米；長(zhǎng)基線的定位精度可達(dá)厘米級(jí)。本文開(kāi)發(fā)的原型程序基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)態(tài)定位后處理功能,短基線的定位精度可達(dá)1-2厘米；中短基線定位精度為2-3厘米；中長(zhǎng)基線定位精度為厘米級(jí)別；長(zhǎng)基線的定位精度在分米級(jí)。平面精度優(yōu)于高程精度,基線越短解算精度越高。觀測(cè)時(shí)間過(guò)短時(shí)后處理定位精度難以保證,30分鐘以上初始觀測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)且新加入衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)15分鐘以上時(shí),后處理可達(dá)厘米級(jí)定位精度；觀測(cè)時(shí)間滿足需要后,延長(zhǎng)觀測(cè)時(shí)間并不能提高定位精度。
[Abstract]:Real-time dynamic location (RTK) is one of the most important applications of GPS. The real-time position of moving target is obtained by establishing a wireless communication link between reference station and mobile station. However, for applications without real-time requirements, the collected data can be brought back to the room for post-processing, that is, dynamic post-processing. At the same time, the use of precision ephemeris and more perfect error model correction also make dynamic positioning post processing have more advantages in positioning accuracy. Track is a common solution module for dynamic positioning post processing, which runs on UNIX or Linux operating system. Complex installation and no visual interface. In view of these requirements and shortcomings, this paper, by studying track source code and mastering the theory of single epoch dynamic location, develops a set of friendly interface dynamic positioning post-processing prototype program for Windwos operating system. The ambiguity resolution ability and positioning accuracy of the prototype program are analyzed, and the relationship between different baseline lengths and positioning accuracy, and the relationship between different observation duration and positioning accuracy is discussed. The core of this program is integer ambiguity resolution and single epoch Kalman filter positioning, including the following functional modules: file reading module; parameter setting module; ambiguity resolution module; Kalman filter module; Other auxiliary function modules (document output, coordinate system conversion, time system conversion, timing chart display, database query, etc.). In this paper, eight groups of IGS or Sichuan cors data are used to test the 1HZ data. The first four groups of data have the same observation time (1 hour) and the baseline length is 5 km-1 / 42 kmm-1 123kmm-1 / 235km respectively, which is used to analyze the whole cycle ambiguity resolution ability of the program and the positioning accuracy of different baseline lengths. The last four groups of data have the same stations and the same starting time. The observation time is 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively, which is used to analyze the relationship between observation time and positioning accuracy. The test method is to extract the whole cycle ambiguity and coordinate result of track module and this program, compare the coordinate mean and standard deviation of the two programs, and compare the mean value with the theoretical coordinate of the station. The experimental results are as follows: the whole cycle ambiguity solution of this program is in good agreement with the track calculation results. The partial ambiguity has 1-2 weeks difference .Track deals with 1HZ data, and the positioning accuracy of the short baseline can reach millimeter level. The horizontal accuracy of the medium and short baselines is up to mm, the elevation accuracy is 1-2 cm; the horizontal positioning accuracy of the middle and long baselines is 1-2 cm and the elevation accuracy is 2-3 cm; the positioning accuracy of the long baselines can reach cm level. The prototype program developed in this paper basically realizes the post-processing function of dynamic positioning. The positioning accuracy of the short baseline can reach 1-2 cm, the positioning accuracy of the middle and short baseline is 2-3 cm, the positioning accuracy of the middle and long baseline is centimeter level. The positioning accuracy of the long baseline is at the decimeter level. The plane accuracy is better than the elevation precision, and the shorter the baseline is, the higher the accuracy is. If the observation time is too short and the post-processing precision is difficult to ensure the initial observation time is longer than 30 minutes and the satellite observation time is more than 15 minutes, the post-processing can reach the centimeter level positioning accuracy, after the observation time meets the need, Prolonging the observation time can not improve the positioning accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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本文編號(hào)：2064023