本文選題：GPS + 信號體制�。� 參考：《中國科學院研究生院（國家授時中心）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）應用的日益廣泛，全世界主要大國紛紛建設自己的衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)，，形成GPS、GLONASS、Galileo和北斗既競爭又互補的局面。想要在如此多的衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)中屹立于不敗之地，導航信號質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣是重要的指標之一。導航信號質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣，直接關系到衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)的性能，同時也反映了衛(wèi)星有效載荷的工作狀態(tài)和各種電性能指標。信號質(zhì)量評估可以為衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)的信號設計及關鍵技術在軌試驗驗證提供手段及支撐。因此，導航信號評估工作引起了國際上該領域的高度重視，在GPS、歐洲Galileo和北斗等導航系統(tǒng)的建設過程中，都建設了配套的導航信號監(jiān)測與分析評估平臺。 本文的研究工作主要從兩部分展開：首先對GPS信號體制進行分析，對GPS信號中采用的各種調(diào)制方式，包括GPS現(xiàn)代化中采用的新型TMBOC調(diào)制技術，從功率譜和自相關函數(shù)兩個方面進行了分析與仿真；然后針對兩種不同類型的實測數(shù)據(jù)——基帶信號與監(jiān)測接收機數(shù)據(jù)進行了質(zhì)量評估，給出了不同數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量評估指標，并且利用實測數(shù)據(jù)進行了算法驗證，以圖表的形式給出了實測數(shù)據(jù)的評估結(jié)果。 基于基帶信號的數(shù)據(jù)評估，主要是從時域、頻域、調(diào)制特性和相關特性等幾個方面展開。其中時域特性主要是分析信號的時域波形圖、眼圖；在頻域主要是分析信號的功率譜密度（PSD），本文主要采用的是Welch周期圖法來進行PSD的研究與帶寬的估計；調(diào)制特性重點分析了基帶信號的星座圖以及相位誤差；相關特性的分析主要是從相關峰展開的。 基于監(jiān)測接收機的數(shù)據(jù)評估，主要是從穩(wěn)定性、一致性、多徑效應三個方面展開。信號的穩(wěn)定性主要是從偽距和載波相位的穩(wěn)定性來判斷，本文重點采用最小二乘法通過偽距來分析信號穩(wěn)定性；一致性又分為碼與載波一致性和碼間一致性兩種，用來衡量衛(wèi)星信號在調(diào)制過程中碼與載波的相對抖動情況；本文采用CMC（Code minus carrier）算法推導出了多徑效應計算公式，利用該公式對于雙頻GPS數(shù)據(jù)的所有采樣，載波L1和L2上的多徑誤差都能夠估計。 論文最后給出了兩種不同類型的實測信號在Matlab環(huán)境下評估的具體結(jié)果，分析結(jié)果進一步證實了論文中采用的信號評估方法的正確性和可行性。這進一步保證了全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)空間信號的連續(xù)性與可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing application of Global Navigation Satellite system GNSS (GNSS), major countries around the world have built their own satellite navigation systems, forming a situation of competition and complementarity between GPS GLONASS and Galileo and Beidou. In order to remain invincible in so many satellite navigation systems, the quality of navigation signal is one of the important indicators. The quality of navigation signal is not only related to the performance of satellite navigation system, but also reflects the working state of satellite payload and various electrical performance indexes. The signal quality assessment can provide the means and support for the signal design of the satellite navigation system and the verification of the key technology in orbit test. Therefore, the evaluation of navigation signals has attracted great attention in the world. In the construction of GPS, Galileo and Beidou navigation systems, a complete platform for monitoring and analysis of navigation signals has been built. The research work of this paper is mainly divided into two parts: firstly, the GPS signal system is analyzed, and various modulation methods used in GPS signal, including the new TMBOC modulation technology used in GPS modernization, are analyzed. The power spectrum and autocorrelation function are analyzed and simulated, then the quality evaluation of two different types of measured data-baseband signal and monitoring receiver data are given, and the quality evaluation indexes of different data are given. The algorithm is verified by the measured data, and the evaluation results of the measured data are given in the form of charts. The data evaluation based on baseband signal is mainly carried out in time domain, frequency domain, modulation characteristic and correlation characteristic. The characteristic of time domain is mainly to analyze the time domain waveform and eye diagram of the signal, and the power spectrum density (PSD) of the signal is mainly analyzed in the frequency domain. In this paper, Welch periodic chart method is mainly used to study the PSD and estimate the bandwidth. The modulation characteristics focus on the constellation diagram and the phase error of the baseband signal, and the correlation characteristics are mainly analyzed from the correlation peaks. The data evaluation based on monitoring receiver is mainly carried out from three aspects: stability, consistency and multipath effect. The stability of signal is mainly judged by the stability of pseudo-range and carrier phase. In this paper, the least square method is used to analyze the stability of the signal, and the consistency is divided into two types: code and carrier consistency and inter-symbol consistency. It is used to measure the relative jitter between code and carrier in the modulation process of satellite signal. In this paper, the calculation formula of multipath effect is derived by using the CMC (Code minus carrier) algorithm, which is used to sample all dual-frequency minus carrier) data. Multipath errors on carriers L1 and L2 can be estimated. At the end of the paper, the concrete results of two kinds of measured signals in Matlab environment are given. The analysis results further verify the correctness and feasibility of the signal evaluation methods used in this paper. This further ensures the continuity and reliability of GNSS space signals.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院（國家授時中心）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

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