本文選題：成都 + 暴雨內(nèi)澇��； 參考：《四川師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：成都是西部核心增長極城市，城市化進程明顯加快。受全球氣候變化的影響，近幾年極端天氣增多，城市暴雨內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，給人民生命財產(chǎn)安全帶來了不少損失。加強城市暴雨內(nèi)澇的空間范圍模擬和內(nèi)澇區(qū)交通疏散工作勢在必行。 本文以成都市主城區(qū)為例，，經(jīng)文獻收集、數(shù)據(jù)采集等步驟，充分運用地理空間信息技術(shù)，以人員盡快得以疏散，減小災(zāi)害帶來的損失為根本目的，建立適合于平原地區(qū)城市的內(nèi)澇空間模型以及交通疏散模型。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和取得的主要研究成果如下： (1)本文利用DEM數(shù)據(jù)，疊加極端降雨量數(shù)據(jù)，在假設(shè)成都主城區(qū)降雨條件均一的情況下，從水文的徑流分析角度切入，借助于ArcGIS模型生成器完成內(nèi)澇空間擴散模型組建。建立成都暴雨內(nèi)澇的空間淹沒范圍模型，精度達到85.75％，基本符合成都內(nèi)澇淹沒范圍模擬的要求。并分析成都內(nèi)澇區(qū)的空間分布特點。 (2)從內(nèi)澇形成到人員應(yīng)急疏散的角度考慮，結(jié)合最優(yōu)路徑思想，選擇最典型的Dijkstra算法，借助Matlab平臺，建立了交通應(yīng)急疏散模型。模型的結(jié)果分析界面，最優(yōu)路徑賦予彩色，突出顯示，實現(xiàn)疏散路線的靜態(tài)可視化�；贏rcGIS中的Python腳本和Matlab平臺編程，完成空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性數(shù)據(jù)的批處理，模型在成都武侯區(qū)的玉林典型內(nèi)澇區(qū)進行交通疏散模擬，模擬誤差在允許范圍內(nèi)，符合成都內(nèi)澇時期交通應(yīng)急疏散要求。 (3)綜合分析成都暴雨內(nèi)澇的空間分布特點和內(nèi)澇成因，并通過實地走訪分析典型嚴重內(nèi)澇區(qū)的具體原因，提出預(yù)防內(nèi)澇的措施和一旦發(fā)生內(nèi)澇交通擁堵后的應(yīng)對策略。 (4)本文的內(nèi)澇交通應(yīng)急疏散模型實例證實了地理信息空間算法在平原內(nèi)澇城市具有普遍適用價值，依據(jù)本文可以對其他可能的內(nèi)澇區(qū)提出交通緩解應(yīng)對方案。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于：1)避免了前人建立內(nèi)澇模型對水文數(shù)據(jù)和氣象數(shù)據(jù)要求較高的條件，側(cè)重于后期應(yīng)急疏散；2)以GIS空間分析能力依據(jù)現(xiàn)有DEM和極值降雨量數(shù)據(jù)建立簡單的內(nèi)澇空間擴散模型，精度符合要求，更貼近現(xiàn)實，降低了運算時間耗費，滿足應(yīng)急快速模擬的要求；3)內(nèi)澇空間擴散模型和交通應(yīng)急疏散模型對其他平原城市也具有推廣性。
[Abstract]:Chengdu is the western core growth pole city, the urbanization process speeds up obviously. Under the influence of global climate change, extreme weather has increased in recent years, and urban rainstorms and waterlogging disasters frequently occur, which has brought a lot of losses to the safety of people's lives and property. It is imperative to strengthen spatial simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging and traffic evacuation in waterlogged area. Taking the main urban area of Chengdu as an example, the basic purpose of this paper is to make full use of geospatial information technology through documents collection, data collection and so on, in order to evacuate people as soon as possible and reduce the losses caused by disasters. The waterlogging spatial model and the traffic evacuation model are established for cities in plain areas. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) this paper uses Dem data to superimpose extreme rainfall data, under the assumption of uniform rainfall conditions in Chengdu main urban area. From the point of view of runoff analysis of hydrology, the spatial diffusion model of waterlogging is constructed by means of ArcGIS model generator. The spatial inundation range model of storm waterlogging in Chengdu is established, and the precision reaches 85.75, which basically meets the requirements of the simulation of flood inundation range in Chengdu. The spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging area in Chengdu are analyzed. From the perspective of waterlogging formation to emergency evacuation of personnel, considering the idea of optimal path, the most typical Dijkstra algorithm is selected, and the traffic emergency evacuation model is established with the help of Matlab platform. The result analysis interface of the model, the optimal path gives color, highlights, realizes the static visualization of the evacuation route. Based on the Python script in ArcGIS and Matlab platform programming, the batch processing of spatial data and attribute data is completed. The model simulates the traffic evacuation in typical waterlogging area of Yulin in Wuhou District of Chengdu, and the simulation error is within the allowable range. In accordance with the emergency evacuation requirements of traffic during the waterlogging period in Chengdu, the spatial distribution characteristics and the causes of internal waterlogging in Chengdu rainstorm are comprehensively analyzed, and the specific causes of typical severe waterlogging areas are analyzed through field visits. The measures to prevent waterlogging and the countermeasures to prevent waterlogging after traffic jam are put forward. 4) the example of emergency evacuation model of waterlogging traffic in this paper proves that the spatial algorithm of geographic information is of universal value in plain waterlogging cities. According to this paper, traffic mitigation solutions can be proposed for other possible waterlogging areas. The innovation of this paper lies in: (1) avoiding the requirement of hydrological data and meteorological data in the establishment of waterlogging model by predecessors, and focusing on emergency evacuation in the later period; 2) based on the existing Dem and extreme rainfall data, a simple spatial diffusion model of waterlogging is established based on GIS spatial analysis ability, which meets the requirements of accuracy, closer to reality, reduces the computational time consumption, and meets the requirements of rapid emergency simulation; 3) the spatial diffusion model of waterlogging and the traffic emergency evacuation model are also extended to other plain cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208;P426.616

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