本文選題：全球定位系統(tǒng) + 實(shí)時(shí)　； 參考：《中國地震局地震研究所》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：高頻GPS觀測可有效監(jiān)測強(qiáng)震發(fā)生時(shí)地殼形變的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)過程，結(jié)合地震波及其他地球物理資料，可以為研究地震的破裂過程、地殼介質(zhì)的非均勻性、震源機(jī)制解等提供可靠的檢測手段。特別是對(duì)高頻GPS動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)定位技術(shù)的研究，對(duì)于GPS監(jiān)測和地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的建立有著重要意義。 本文針對(duì)GPS載波相位測量定位的基本原理和方法、高精度GPS實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)處理涉及的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控等問題進(jìn)行了深入的探討和研究，并利用TrackRT模塊開展了高頻GPS動(dòng)態(tài)觀測實(shí)驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了高頻GPS實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)定位技術(shù)的可行性與可靠性。本文主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下： （1）簡要介紹GPS載波相位測量定位的基本原理和基本方法，分析高頻GPS實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)定位中的主要誤差源，討論相對(duì)定位的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 （2）簡要介紹GAMIT/GLOBK軟件中GPS實(shí)時(shí)解算模塊TrackRT的解算流程，包括GPS數(shù)據(jù)傳輸讀取、整周模糊度解算等。 （3）通過實(shí)時(shí)地表形變位移動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測的模擬試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證TrackRT模塊實(shí)時(shí)解算高頻GPS數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)果精度。通過對(duì)同一地面運(yùn)動(dòng)的試驗(yàn)研究，依據(jù)基線長度，以及相對(duì)參考站的位置，分三種方式（短基線、長基線、網(wǎng)解）進(jìn)行了實(shí)時(shí)處理和精度分析。結(jié)果表明：在觀測數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量較好的情況下，TrackRT對(duì)高頻GPS數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)定位精度能夠優(yōu)于2cm，垂向分量精度能夠達(dá)優(yōu)于5cm。 （4）利用GAMIT/GLOBK進(jìn)行衛(wèi)星精密定軌和外推。通過廣播星歷作為軌道初始值，利用30個(gè)國內(nèi)CORS站和84個(gè)全球IGS站，采用單天和三天解兩種數(shù)據(jù)處理模式進(jìn)行GPS精密定軌和外推，簡要分析影響定軌精度，，耗時(shí)的因素，初步達(dá)到了利用全球的GPS跟蹤站進(jìn)行精密實(shí)時(shí)定軌的目的。 總之，通過充分的試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了TrackRT模塊算法的可靠性，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)的高精度定位。在本文的最后，對(duì)整個(gè)研究工作進(jìn)行總結(jié)，并指出以后繼續(xù)研究的方向。
[Abstract]:High-frequency GPS observation can effectively monitor the kinematic process of crustal deformation when strong earthquakes occur. Combined with earthquake and other geophysical data, it can be used to study the rupture process of earthquakes and the heterogeneity of crustal media. The focal mechanism solution provides reliable means of detection. Especially, the research on high frequency GPS dynamic real-time positioning technology is of great significance to the establishment of GPS monitoring and earthquake warning system. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of GPS carrier phase measurement and positioning, the real-time data quality control of high precision GPS real-time dynamic data processing and so on are discussed and studied. The high frequency GPS dynamic observation experiment is carried out by using TrackRT module, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the high frequency GPS real-time dynamic positioning technology. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principle and method of GPS carrier phase measurement and positioning are briefly introduced, and the main error sources in high frequency GPS real-time dynamic positioning are analyzed. In this paper, the mathematical model of relative positioning is discussed. (2) A brief introduction is given to the solution flow of GPS real-time solution module TrackRT in gamat / GLOBK software, including GPS data transmission and reading. Based on the simulation experiment of real-time ground deformation and displacement dynamic monitoring, the accuracy of real-time calculation of high frequency GPS data by TrackRT module is verified. Based on the experimental study of the same ground motion, according to the baseline length and the position of the reference station, the real-time processing and precision analysis are carried out in three ways (short baseline, long baseline, net solution). The results show that the real time positioning accuracy of TrackRT for high frequency GPS data is better than 2 cm, and the vertical component accuracy is better than 5 cm. 4) precise orbit determination and extrapolation using gamit / GLOBK are carried out by using GAMIT / GLOBK. By using broadcast ephemeris as the initial orbital value, using 30 domestic cors stations and 84 global IGS stations, the GPS precise orbit determination and extrapolation are carried out by using two kinds of data processing modes: single day and three days solution, and the factors that affect the accuracy of orbit determination and the time consuming are analyzed briefly. The goal of precise real-time orbit determination using GPS tracking station around the world is preliminarily achieved. In a word, the reliability of the TrackRT algorithm is verified by sufficient experiments, and the high precision positioning can be realized in real time. At the end of this paper, the whole research work is summarized, and the direction of further research is pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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