本文選題：濕地水位 + TerraSAR-X��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：濕地的特殊性和重要性已受到世界各地的廣泛關(guān)注,水位更是濕地生態(tài)健康狀況的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。遙感技術(shù)由于其空間分辨率高、覆蓋范圍廣以及人工經(jīng)濟(jì)成本低的優(yōu)勢已廣泛應(yīng)用于濕地調(diào)查中,但應(yīng)用于水位監(jiān)測方面的研究較少。實(shí)現(xiàn)遙感技術(shù)測量水位可以減少長期多次的野外工作,實(shí)現(xiàn)高效、持續(xù)的監(jiān)測。本論文基于國家自然基金委員會面上項(xiàng)目多時(shí)相多極化SAR高原濕地關(guān)鍵水文和植被參數(shù)遙感反演研究,針對光學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)、激光高度計(jì)以及雷達(dá)高度計(jì)在濕地水位反演方面的不足,充分挖掘TerraSAR-X精確測距的能力,集中解決影響高原濕地水位反演的問題。主要研究工作和結(jié)論如下:(1)研究了 SAR觀測過程大氣折射方法,對大氣相位進(jìn)行了定量分析,建立對流層干延遲和濕延遲與水汽參數(shù)之間的模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了雷達(dá)圖像大氣延遲的計(jì)算程序,得到了在可魯克湖地區(qū)10月份時(shí)大氣對雷達(dá)信號可造成1.5米以上延遲的結(jié)論。(2)研究了 SAR觀測過程地球物理效應(yīng)的改正方法,通過分別建立固體潮、大氣荷載和極潮對觀測站位移影響的模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了地球物理效應(yīng)對觀測點(diǎn)影響的計(jì)算,對地球物理效應(yīng)與SAR斜距的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討,得到了地球物理效應(yīng)會對SAR斜距產(chǎn)生分米級影響的結(jié)論。(3)基于大氣延遲模型、地球物理效應(yīng)修正方法及角反射器的精確定位,實(shí)現(xiàn)了雷達(dá)衛(wèi)星TerraSAR-X的精準(zhǔn)測距。用SAR衛(wèi)星瞬時(shí)位置與角反射器位置解算距離信息進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),兩者相差5.4cm,驗(yàn)證了 TerraSAR-X精準(zhǔn)測距的可行性。(4)研究角反射器在SAR影像上的響應(yīng)特征,建立修正后的TerraSAR-X精準(zhǔn)測距、角反射器成像時(shí)SAR衛(wèi)星瞬時(shí)位置和角反射器位置之間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)兩幅影像間水位變化的計(jì)算。通過在實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)安置水位計(jì)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),兩者相差4.8cm,驗(yàn)證了 TerraSAR-X精準(zhǔn)測距反演濕地水位的可行性及精度。
[Abstract]:The particularity and importance of wetland have been paid more and more attention all over the world, and water level is the key parameter of wetland ecological health. Remote sensing technology has been widely used in wetland survey due to its advantages of high spatial resolution, wide coverage and low cost of artificial economy, but less research has been done on water level monitoring. The remote sensing technique can reduce the field work for a long time and realize high efficiency and continuous monitoring. This paper is based on the research of remote sensing inversion of key hydrological and vegetation parameters of multi-phase multi-polarization SAR wetland on the surface of the National Natural Fund Committee, aiming at the shortcomings of optical data, laser altimeter and radar altimeter in the inversion of wetland water level. The ability of TerraSAR-X precise ranging is fully exploited and the problems affecting the inversion of water level in plateau wetland are solved. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) the atmospheric refraction method during SAR observation is studied, the atmospheric phase is quantitatively analyzed, and the model between dry and wet troposphere delay and water vapor parameters is established. The calculation program of atmospheric delay in radar image is realized, and the conclusion that atmospheric delay to radar signal can be more than 1.5 meters in October in Lake Kerouk region is obtained. The correction method of geophysical effect in SAR observation process is studied. By establishing the models of the effects of solid tide, atmospheric load and polar tide on the displacement of observation station, the effect of geophysical effect on observation point is calculated, and the mathematical relationship between geophysical effect and SAR slanting distance is discussed. The conclusion that geophysical effect will have a decimeter effect on SAR slant distance is obtained. Based on atmospheric delay model, geophysical effect correction method and precise location of angle reflector, the precise ranging of radar satellite TerraSAR-X is realized. The difference between instantaneous position of SAR satellite and angular reflector is 5.4 cm, which verifies the feasibility of TerraSAR-X precise ranging. (4) the response characteristics of angle reflector in SAR image are studied, and the modified TerraSAR-X precise ranging is established. The mathematical relationship between the instantaneous position of the SAR satellite and the position of the angular reflector during the imaging of the angular reflector is used to calculate the variation of the water level between the two images. The difference between the two is 4.8 cm, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of TerraSAR-X precise distance measurement for retrieving the water level of wetland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P237

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