本文選題：GNSS + 定軌精度　； 參考：《中國(guó)地震局地震預(yù)測(cè)研究所》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（GNSS）天線包括GNSS衛(wèi)星天線和GNSS接收機(jī)天線。GNSS接收機(jī)通過(guò)天線來(lái)獲取衛(wèi)星天線發(fā)射的信號(hào)及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)信息，作為重要的終端設(shè)備，GNSS天線發(fā)射信號(hào)與接收信號(hào)的位置標(biāo)定精度對(duì)導(dǎo)航精度有較大影響。在GNSS測(cè)量應(yīng)用中，所觀測(cè)到的偽距或載波相位值都是基于接收機(jī)天線相位中心到衛(wèi)星天線相位中心之間的距離來(lái)測(cè)量的，，而GNSS數(shù)據(jù)處理是以衛(wèi)星質(zhì)心或接收機(jī)天線參考點(diǎn)（APR）為基準(zhǔn)的，由于天線本身的特性，其相位中心和質(zhì)心或參考點(diǎn)并不重合，因此在GNSS高精度應(yīng)用中必須考慮天線相位中心改正的問(wèn)題。 GNSS天線相位中心改正包括相對(duì)于天線參考點(diǎn)的平均相位中心偏差（PCO）和隨衛(wèi)星高度角和方位角不斷變化的相位中心變化（PCV）。不同類型的天線，其相位中心偏差和變化模型是不一樣的，標(biāo)定方法也是多種的。通常認(rèn)為相同類型的天線有相同的相位中心偏差值和相位中心變化值，但是也跟天線品牌、天線罩的使用、材料、形狀等有關(guān)。隨著我國(guó)導(dǎo)航事業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，國(guó)產(chǎn)GNSS天線的類型和使用越來(lái)越多，我們希望能夠自主建立一套天線相位中心改正模型，加入到數(shù)據(jù)處理中，以得到更好、更精確的定位、定軌效果，從而為更好地研究地震、地下水監(jiān)測(cè)等提供更好的平臺(tái)，為導(dǎo)航事業(yè)帶來(lái)更好的發(fā)展。 本文以自主建立GNSS天線的相位中心改正模型為目的，結(jié)合我國(guó)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)目前是區(qū)域性覆蓋的實(shí)際情況，從以下四個(gè)方面，分析研究建模的必要性、設(shè)計(jì)建模方案、進(jìn)行建模實(shí)驗(yàn)等過(guò)程，最終建立了一套GNSS天線相位中心改正的模型： 1、從全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)出發(fā)，簡(jiǎn)單介紹了GNSS天線相位中心、GNSS天線類型、接收機(jī)天線相位中心與在軌衛(wèi)星天線相位中心的關(guān)系以及PCO和PCV的關(guān)系影響等，闡述了論文的研究背景，探討了建立天線相位中心改正模型的意義，分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)天線相位中心改正的研究現(xiàn)狀。 2、經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)GNSS天線相位中心改正模型的調(diào)研，總結(jié)了多種GNSS天線相位中心偏差和變化的精確標(biāo)定方法，對(duì)比分析了各種方法的利弊，并描述在軌GNSS衛(wèi)星的天線相位中心變化的校定方案，為建立適合我國(guó)導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星天線相位中心改正模型奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 3、借鑒國(guó)外建立GNSS天線相位中心改正模型的方法，結(jié)合我國(guó)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)測(cè)站區(qū)域性覆蓋的現(xiàn)狀，以IGS所給天線相位中心改正模型為參考，設(shè)計(jì)一套標(biāo)定天線PCO和PCV的程序，并建立一套完整的天線相位中心改正模型，與IGS08的相應(yīng)模型對(duì)比，精度好于3mm。將所得模型帶入到GAMIT軟件中進(jìn)行基線解算，與IGS08模型解算的結(jié)果對(duì)比，對(duì)比結(jié)果顯示，我們建立的天線相位中心改正模型的方法是可行的，甚至相對(duì)于IGS08模型的精度某種程度有所提高。 4、以衛(wèi)星天線的相位中心偏差PCO和相位中心變化PCV以及衛(wèi)星的質(zhì)量為測(cè)試對(duì)象，用IGS官方所給衛(wèi)星天線的相位中心偏差、變化以及質(zhì)量為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，從衛(wèi)星的徑向、切向、法向以及其整體精度四個(gè)方面來(lái)評(píng)估衛(wèi)星天線的相位中心改正和衛(wèi)星質(zhì)量的變化對(duì)定軌精度的影響，在分析天線的相位中心偏移與變化以及衛(wèi)星質(zhì)量對(duì)定軌精度的影響的基礎(chǔ)上，指出了衛(wèi)星天線相位中心改正有進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)的空間。 基于上面的研究和方法，希望能夠建立適合于我國(guó)北斗的天線相位中心改正模型，這將對(duì)我國(guó)正在蓬勃發(fā)展的導(dǎo)航事業(yè)有較大意義。
[Abstract]:The global satellite navigation system (GNSS) antenna includes the GNSS satellite antenna and the GNSS receiver antenna.GNSS receiver to obtain the signal and related data information from the satellite antenna through the antenna. As an important terminal device, the calibration precision of the GNSS antenna and the received signal is greatly influenced by the accuracy of the navigation accuracy. The measurement of GNSS should be measured. In use, the observed pseudo distance or carrier phase values are measured on the basis of the distance between the phase center of the receiver antenna and the phase center of the satellite antenna, and the GNSS data processing is based on the satellite centroid or the receiver antenna reference point (APR), and the phase center and the centroid or reference point are not coincided because of the characteristics of the antenna itself. Therefore, the correction of antenna phase center must be taken into account in the high accuracy application of GNSS.
The correction of the phase center of the GNSS antenna includes the average phase center deviation (PCO) relative to the reference point of the antenna and the phase center change (PCV) changing with the altitude and azimuth of the satellite. The different types of antenna, the phase center deviation and the change model are different, and the calibration method is also varied. With the same phase center deviation value and phase center change value, it is also related to the antenna brand, the use of the radome, the material, the shape and so on. With the rapid development of our country's navigation, the type and the use of the domestic GNSS antenna are more and more. We hope to establish a set of antenna phase center correction model independently and join the data section. In order to get better, more accurate positioning and track effect, it provides a better platform for better research on earthquake, groundwater monitoring and so on, which will bring better development for the navigation cause.
In this paper, based on the independent establishment of the phase center correction model of GNSS antenna, combined with the actual situation of regional coverage in China's navigation system, from the following four aspects, we analyze the necessity of research modeling, design the modeling scheme, carry on the modeling experiment and so on, and finally build a set of GNSS antenna phase center correction model.
1, from the global satellite navigation system, the phase center of the GNSS antenna, the type of GNSS antenna, the relationship between the phase center of the receiver antenna and the phase center of the orbit satellite antenna and the relationship between the PCO and the PCV are introduced. The research background of the paper is expounded, the significance of the Jian Litian line phase center correction model is discussed, and the domestic and foreign countries are analyzed. The current research status of antenna phase center correction.
2, through the investigation of the GNSS antenna phase center correction model, the accurate calibration method of the phase center deviation and change of various GNSS antennas is summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are compared and analyzed, and the calibration scheme of the phase center change of the antenna on the rail GNSS satellite is described, in order to establish a correction model suitable for the phase center of our navigation satellite antenna. The foundation is laid.
3, using the method of establishing the GNSS antenna phase center correction model abroad and combining the current situation of the regional coverage of the navigation system in our country, this paper designs a set of program to calibrate the antenna PCO and PCV, and establishes a set of complete antenna phase center correction model, which is compared with the corresponding model of IGS08, with the reference of the correction model of the antenna phase center. The accuracy is better than that of 3mm., which is taken into the GAMIT software to calculate the baseline, and compared with the results of the IGS08 model. The comparison results show that the method of the antenna phase center correction model is feasible, and even to some extent the accuracy of the IGS08 model is improved.
4, with the phase center deviation PCO of the satellite antenna and the phase center change PCV and the quality of the satellite as the test object, the phase center deviation, the change and the quality of the satellite antenna are given by the official IGS, and the correction of the phase center of the satellite antenna is evaluated from the four aspects of the satellite's radial, tangential, normal and the overall accuracy. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the phase center migration and change of the antenna and the influence of the satellite quality on the orbit determination accuracy, the effect of the change of the mass of the star on the orbit accuracy is pointed out, and the further improvement space for the correction of the phase center of the satellite antenna is pointed out.
Based on the above research and methods, we hope to establish a correction model for the antenna phase center suitable for the dipper in China, which will be of great significance to the booming navigation of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地震預(yù)測(cè)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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