本文選題：AIEM模型 + 微波遙感　； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：土壤鹽堿化是世界上面臨的一個嚴(yán)重問題，它嚴(yán)重影響干旱、半干旱區(qū)域的生態(tài)及農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我國吉林省西部地區(qū)屬于世界三大蘇打鹽堿地之一，土地鹽堿化使得該地區(qū)生態(tài)平衡受到嚴(yán)重影響。利用遙感技術(shù)快速、準(zhǔn)確地監(jiān)測鹽堿化變化過程，對合理開發(fā)利用鹽堿地具有重要意義。 中國科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所大安堿地生態(tài)試驗站長期在吉林省西部地區(qū)開展蘇打鹽堿地的改良研究，結(jié)果表明不同堿化特性的鹽堿地生長著不同的植被類型，當(dāng)鹽堿化程度較高時，無植被生長。利用光學(xué)遙感技術(shù)能夠有效地監(jiān)測植被生長區(qū)和裸露鹽堿地，但是對植被高度、長勢等無法進行有效的監(jiān)測，因此不能對鹽堿地特性進行更加細(xì)致的識別，尤其是水鹽含量變化的監(jiān)測。含鹽土壤在一定含水量的條件下，具有較好的導(dǎo)電特性，使微波后向散射、微波輻射特性對其介電常數(shù)具有較強的敏感性，使應(yīng)用微波遙感監(jiān)測鹽堿土壤具有可行性。然而，微波遙感信息常常受植被或地表粗糙度等因素影響，增加了鹽堿地特性識別的復(fù)雜性和不確定性。 論文在中國科學(xué)院重要方向性項目“土壤濕度與積雪參量高精度微波遙感反演機理研究”的支持下，依托中國科學(xué)院長春凈月潭遙感實驗站和大安堿地生態(tài)試驗站，通過有效選取研究實驗區(qū)，以Landsat8、RADARSAT-2C波段全極化SLC影像為信息源，在星地同步觀測實驗的基礎(chǔ)上，開展了吉林省西部地區(qū)蘇打鹽堿地水鹽特性反演方法的研究。主要研究成果如下： （1）利用合成孔徑雷達(dá)（SAR）極化目標(biāo)分解理論，提取了研究區(qū)鹽漬土的微波遙感后向散射信息特征，有效地應(yīng)用于輕度鹽堿地的識別，提高了相應(yīng)的識別水平。 （2）通過SAR極化目標(biāo)分解，利用Cloude-Pottier分解散射熵值的變化，論述了鹽堿地的散射隨機性，其熵值高于農(nóng)田和水體。由此表明，當(dāng)雷達(dá)足印大于15m時，通過建立雷達(dá)后向散射系數(shù)與鹽堿土介電常數(shù)之間的確定性函數(shù)關(guān)系，開展鹽堿地特性微波遙感的監(jiān)測是不可行的。 （3）利用鹽堿地Freeman-Durden分解的三種散射機制的變異系數(shù)（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與均值比值）較大的特征，表述了鹽堿地具有相對較高的散射離散度，，主要體現(xiàn)在25*25像元范圍四極化后向散射統(tǒng)計中遙感信息變化范圍較大。同時，也闡明了草地植被覆蓋的隨機性、草地植被長勢隨機性、鹽堿地地表含鹽量的隨機性、葉片方向隨機性等構(gòu)成的混合像元是影響雷達(dá)后向散射系數(shù)隨機特性的重要因素。 （4）根據(jù)鹽堿土介電常數(shù)對頻率響應(yīng)差異，利用雙頻地基微波輻射計亮度溫度觀測數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用Levernberg-Marquardt算法，實現(xiàn)了土壤介電常數(shù)（實部和虛部）及地表均方根高度三參數(shù)的同時反演。 （5）應(yīng)用全極化雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)和NDVI建立了含水量、含鹽量反演的經(jīng)驗公式，其中含水量反演均方根誤差為3.169%（體積含水量），含鹽量反演誤差為3.175g/Kg。 （6）提出了基于理論知識和模擬數(shù)據(jù)庫，進行鹽堿土壤水鹽含量半經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ偷姆桨�，并進行了初步實現(xiàn)。首先，利用AIEM模型建立模擬數(shù)據(jù)庫，通過各參數(shù)敏感性分析，建立了組合粗糙度、介電常數(shù)幅值與HH、VV極化后向散射系數(shù)的關(guān)系式，再然后結(jié)合水云模型，去除植被影響，反演得到地表組合粗糙度值及介電常數(shù)幅值。 論文的研究工作為開展鹽堿地特性遙感監(jiān)測提供了新的途徑和方法，為國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目“集成光學(xué)與微波遙感蘇打鹽堿地水鹽含量的反演方法研究”的立項與研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is a serious problem in the world. It seriously affects the ecological and agricultural sustainable development of arid and semi-arid areas. The western region of Jilin province is one of the three salinized saline alkali land in the world. The land salinization makes the ecological balance of the region seriously affected. The rapid and accurate monitoring of salt by remote sensing technology is used. The process of alkalization is of great significance for the rational exploitation and utilization of saline alkali soil.
The Da an alkaline land ecological test station of the Northeast geographical and Agro ecological research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has long carried out the improvement of soda saline alkali land in the western region of Jilin province. The results show that different alkalinized saline alkali land has different vegetation types. When the salinity is high, no vegetation is grown. The use of optical remote sensing technology can be effective. The vegetation growth area and the bare saline alkali soil are monitored, but the vegetation height and potential can not be monitored effectively. Therefore, the characteristics of the salt and alkali land can not be more carefully identified, especially the monitoring of the change of water and salt content. The salt soil has good electrical conductivity under certain water content, which makes the microwave backward scattering and microwave radiant. It is feasible to use microwave remote sensing to monitor saline soil. However, the microwave remote sensing information is often influenced by vegetation or surface roughness and so on, which increases the complexity and uncertainty of the characteristics identification of saline alkali land.
Under the support of the important directional project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "study on the mechanism of high precision microwave remote sensing inversion of soil moisture and snow parameters", relying on the Changchun clean moon remote sensing experimental station and the Daan alkaline land ecological test station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research experimentation area is effectively selected as the Landsat8, RADARSAT-2C band fully polarized SLC image as a letter On the basis of stellar geostationary observation experiments, the inversion method of water and salt characteristics of soda saline alkali land in Western Jilin province was studied. The main research results are as follows:
(1) using the theory of polarimetric target decomposition of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the characteristics of the backscatter information of the microwave remote sensing in the saline soil of the study area are extracted, which is effectively applied to the recognition of the mild saline alkali soil and improves the corresponding recognition level.
(2) through the decomposition of SAR polarization target and the change of Cloude-Pottier decomposition entropy, the scattering randomness of saline alkali land is discussed. The entropy value is higher than that of farmland and water body. Thus, it is shown that when the radar foot printing is larger than 15m, the relationship between the radar backscatter coefficient and the alkali soil dielectric constant is established, and the salt alkali earth is carried out. The monitoring of sexual microwave remote sensing is not feasible.
(3) using the variation coefficient of three scattering mechanisms of Freeman-Durden decomposition in saline alkali land (the standard deviation and the mean value ratio), the relatively high scattering dispersion is expressed in the saline alkali land, which is mainly reflected in the large range of remote sensing information in the statistics of the four polarization after the four polarization. Meanwhile, the grassland vegetation cover is also clarified. The randomness of the cover, the randomness of the vegetation length, the randomness of the salt content on the ground surface and the randomness of the leaf direction are the important factors affecting the random characteristics of the backscattering coefficient of the radar.
(4) according to the difference of the frequency response between the dielectric constant of the saline alkali soil and the observation data of the brightness temperature of the double frequency foundation microwave radiometer, the Levernberg-Marquardt algorithm has been used to achieve the simultaneous inversion of the three parameters of the soil dielectric constant (real part and virtual part) and the height of the root mean square root.
(5) an empirical formula of water content and salt content inversion is established by using full polarimetric radar data and NDVI. The root mean square error of water content inversion is 3.169% (volume of water), and the inversion error of salt content is 3.175g/Kg.
(6) a semi empirical model of salt and alkali soil water and salt content based on theoretical knowledge and simulated database is proposed and carried out preliminarily. First, the AIEM model is used to establish an analog database. Through the sensitivity analysis of various parameters, the relationship between the composite roughness, the dielectric constant amplitude and the HH, VV polarization direction scattering coefficient is established. Combined with the water cloud model, the vegetation roughness and permittivity amplitude were retrieved.
The research work of this paper provides a new way and method for remote sensing monitoring of the characteristics of saline alkali land. It lays a foundation for the research on the project of "integrated optics and microwave remote sensing and saline alkali soil salt and salt content inversion method" on the National Natural Science Foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S153;P237

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