本文選題：青藏鐵路 + 生態(tài)累積效應��； 參考：《南京信息工程大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：青藏鐵路所穿越的青藏高原地區(qū)是生態(tài)環(huán)境最為脆弱的地區(qū)之一,鐵路的建設與運營導致對沿線生態(tài)環(huán)境的切割、隔離、阻礙或擾動作用,不可避免的會對沿線生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的景觀格局、植被生產力、土壤、水環(huán)境、動植物物種遷徙和棲息地質量等方面產生負面影響,并加快當?shù)刭Y源開發(fā)、旅游開發(fā)、工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化進程,這些協(xié)同作用與鐵路建設的直接影響共同引起沿線生態(tài)狀況的累積變化。青藏鐵路建設和運營對沿線區(qū)域的直接累積影響表現(xiàn)在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型、生態(tài)功能和景觀格局的累積變化上,間接或協(xié)同累積影響則主要是沿線地區(qū)社會經濟的發(fā)展對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在時間和空間上造成的累積影響,其影響的范圍遠遠超出高原本身。 本研究采用遙感和GIS技術,借鑒國內外生態(tài)累積效應研究方法,運用生態(tài)服務功能、景觀生態(tài)學和道路生態(tài)學等知識,將沿線區(qū)域劃分為0—lkm、1—5km和5—10km范圍的影響區(qū)以及10—20km的氣候變化對照區(qū),通過構建生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能偏離累積指數(shù)(FCI)、景觀格局干擾累積指數(shù)(CLDI)、植被退化指數(shù)(VCI)、生態(tài)阻隔累積指數(shù)(LCI)和區(qū)域生態(tài)累積效應指數(shù)(ECEI),將鐵路沿線不同范圍影響區(qū)和對照區(qū)進行對比分析得出鐵路建設和運營對沿線生態(tài)環(huán)境的效應,研究青藏鐵路建設和運營對沿線生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的累積影響。論文主要結果如下： (1)青藏鐵路拉薩至格爾木段0—1km的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能偏離累積指數(shù)(FC1)、景觀格局干擾累積指數(shù)(CLDI)、植被退化指數(shù)(VCI)、生態(tài)阻隔累積指數(shù)(LCI)和區(qū)域生態(tài)累積效應指數(shù)(ECEI)均為正值且均大于1020km對照區(qū)相應指數(shù)的值,說明鐵路建設和運營對鐵路沿線直接影響區(qū)的生態(tài)服務功能、景觀格局、生態(tài)流和植被覆蓋均造成一定的累積損失,但以景觀格局和生態(tài)流受到的影響最大；通過對比各區(qū)段直接影響區(qū)和對照區(qū)各指數(shù)的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)拉薩至唐古拉段受到的累積影響要大于唐古拉至格爾木段,主要表現(xiàn)為對農田和草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。 (2)青藏鐵路拉薩至唐古拉段1—5km和5—10km范圍的FCI指數(shù)、CLDI指數(shù)、VCI指數(shù)、LCI指數(shù)和ECEI指數(shù)與10—20km對照區(qū)的相應指數(shù)相減后,得到的差值均明顯高于唐古拉至格爾木段,表明拉薩至唐古拉段因鐵路建設運營造成的間接或協(xié)同累積影響要明顯大于唐古拉至格爾木段,主要原因是拉薩至唐古拉段鐵路建設運營對沿線社會經濟活動帶動較快,并且該區(qū)段植被覆蓋相對較高,受鐵路建設運營的影響亦相對較大。 (3)農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各指數(shù)在1—5km范圍均為正值,另外,荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和河流濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的FCI指數(shù).CLDI指數(shù)、LCI指數(shù)和ECEI指數(shù)在1—5km范圍也均為正值,沿線5—10km范圍荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)FCI指數(shù).CLDI指數(shù)和ECEI指數(shù)為正,大于1020km對照區(qū)相應指數(shù)值；說明鐵路建設運營導致的沿線社會經濟活動加速和擴展對沿線1—5km和5—10km范圍的農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和河流濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)仍存在一定的負面影響,且以農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受到的影響最大,主要表現(xiàn)在拉薩和格爾木城市擴張對農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的占用。
[Abstract]:The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the most vulnerable areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The construction and operation of the railway leads to the cutting, isolation, hindrance or disturbance of the ecological environment along the line. Inevitably, the landscape pattern, the vegetation productivity, the soil, the water environment, the migration of plant and plant species and the inhabiting geology will be unavoidable. There is a negative impact on the quantity and other aspects, and accelerate the development of local resources, tourism development, industrialization and urbanization. The direct impact of these synergies and railway construction causes the accumulation of ecological conditions along the line. The direct cumulative effect of the construction and operation of the Qinghai Tibet Railway on the region along the line is manifested in the ecological system type and the ecological function. And the cumulative impact of the landscape pattern, and the cumulative impact of the indirect or synergistic accumulation, is mainly the cumulative impact of the socio-economic development of the coastal areas on the time and space of the ecosystem, which is far beyond the plateau itself.
Using remote sensing and GIS technology, using the study method of ecological accumulation effect at home and abroad, using the knowledge of ecological service function, landscape ecology and road ecology, the area is divided into 0 - LKM, 1 - 5km, 5 - 10km range and 10 - 20km climate change control area, and the ecological system function deviates from accumulation. Index (FCI), landscape pattern disturbance accumulation index (CLDI), vegetation degradation index (VCI), ecological barrier accumulation index (LCI) and regional ecological cumulative effect index (ECEI). The effect of railway construction and operation on the ecological environment along the railway and the control area along the railway is compared and analyzed, and the construction and operation of the Qinghai Tibet railway are studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) the ecological system function deviation accumulation index (FC1), the accumulation index of landscape pattern disturbance (CLDI), the vegetation degradation index (VCI), the ecological barrier accumulation index (LCI) and the regional ecological accumulation effect index (ECEI) are both positive and larger than the corresponding index values of the 1020km control area, indicating the construction and transportation of the railway in Lhasa to Golmud section of the Qinghai Tibet railway. The ecological service function, the landscape pattern, the ecological flow and the vegetation cover are all caused by the camp, but the landscape pattern and the ecological flow are most affected, and the cumulative effect of the Lhasa to the Tanggula section is greatly influenced by the comparison of the differences in the direct and control regions. From Tanggula to Golmud, it is mainly affected by the ecosystem of farmland and grassland.
(2) the FCI index of the 1 5km and 5 10km ranges of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to the Tanggula section, the CLDI index, the VCI index, the LCI index, the ECEI index and the corresponding index of the 10 20km control area, are all significantly higher than that of the Tanggula to the Golmud section, indicating the indirect or synergistic cumulative shadow caused by the railway construction operation in Lhasa to the Tanggula section. The main reason is that the railway construction and operation of Lhasa to the Tanggula section are faster than the Golmud section, and the railway construction and operation are relatively high, and the influence of railway construction and operation is relatively large.
(3) the index of farmland ecosystem is positive in the range of 1 to 5km. In addition, the FCI index.CLDI index of desert ecosystem and river wetland ecosystem, LCI index and ECEI index are also positive in the range of 1 to 5km, and the.CLDI index and ECEI index of the FCI index of the 5 to 10km range along the line are positive, which is greater than that of the 1020km control area. The index value indicates that the acceleration and expansion of social and economic activities along the railway construction and operation along the 1 - 5km and 5 - 10km range of farmland ecosystem, desert ecosystem and river wetland ecosystem still have some negative effects, and the impact of the farmland ecosystem is the greatest, mainly in Lhasa and Golmud city. The expansion of the city to the farmland ecosystem.
【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;TP79;X826

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本文編號：2015276