本文選題：三峽庫區(qū) + 滑坡監(jiān)測　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：針對三峽庫區(qū)近600km長水系范圍內(nèi)的滑坡監(jiān)測問題,對三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測GPS統(tǒng)測構(gòu)網(wǎng)和實踐、滑坡監(jiān)測基準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)定性分析和滑坡監(jiān)測網(wǎng)優(yōu)化等方法展開深入的研究。通過研究形成了一套適用性方法,對狹長區(qū)域滑坡監(jiān)測具有指導(dǎo)作用。論文的研究內(nèi)容和成果如下： 1)介紹了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的建立和應(yīng)用效果,針對三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)狀,提出了論文研究的目的和意義,系統(tǒng)地回顧了GNSS參考框架、高精度GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理與變形分析、變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計等與論文研究內(nèi)容有關(guān)的理論、方法和成果。 2)探討了高精度GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理使用的ITRF和IGS參考框架的定義、建立和維持方法,以及三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測成果使用的北京54、西安80和WGS-84等坐標(biāo)系,針對三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測涉及多種坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的問題,研究了不同ITRF框架間的轉(zhuǎn)換,精密星歷與地面基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一,WGS-84坐標(biāo)系和我國參心坐標(biāo)系的轉(zhuǎn)換以及等價坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換等方法。 3)研究了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測GPS統(tǒng)測構(gòu)網(wǎng)技術(shù)。針對庫區(qū)呈帶狀分布的特點,研究了多基準(zhǔn)站式的布網(wǎng)方法,通過劃分子網(wǎng),系統(tǒng)地研究了GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理中系統(tǒng)誤差的處理方法、分析了粗差觀測值對平差結(jié)果的影響,比較了整體平差和分區(qū)平差結(jié)果的差異,在此基礎(chǔ)上,確定了GPS統(tǒng)測構(gòu)網(wǎng)的最佳方法。采用該方法,將三峽庫區(qū)122個滑坡體的監(jiān)測點統(tǒng)一到庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測內(nèi),提高了作業(yè)效率以及滑坡監(jiān)測的精度和可靠性,解決了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測GPS統(tǒng)測構(gòu)網(wǎng)的技術(shù)難題。 4)研究了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測基準(zhǔn)的穩(wěn)定性分析方法。該方法顧及了已有方法的局限性以及大范圍變形分析中塊體運動的影響。利用2008-2011年的多期GPS觀測資料,對基準(zhǔn)點進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性分析。結(jié)果表明,三峽水庫高水位蓄水的3年時間里,庫區(qū)存在不穩(wěn)定的工作基點,不穩(wěn)定點的水平位移在4cm以上,水平向最大點位變化達(dá)79.4cm,不穩(wěn)定點的垂直位移在4.5cm以上,垂向最大點位變化達(dá)53.7cm。不穩(wěn)定點的水平位移方向與現(xiàn)場地理環(huán)境核查的結(jié)果具有一致性,垂直位移方向與地震部門的監(jiān)測結(jié)果較為一致。 5)研究了三峽庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的優(yōu)化技術(shù)。結(jié)合三峽庫區(qū)122個滑坡體的實際觀測環(huán)境條件,分析了GPS監(jiān)測的最佳觀測時段、最佳時段長度和最佳截止高度角。推導(dǎo)了GPS滑坡監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的精度、可靠性、靈敏度和費用等質(zhì)量指標(biāo),建立了監(jiān)測網(wǎng)優(yōu)化模型。提出了模擬法和解析法相結(jié)合的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)形優(yōu)化方法,基于該方法,對三峽庫區(qū)滑坡體GPS變形網(wǎng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到了較優(yōu)的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)形。通過分析大量滑坡體的優(yōu)化結(jié)果,總結(jié)出適用性結(jié)論,對全庫區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測具有指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:In view of the landslide monitoring problem in the three Gorges reservoir area near the 600km long water system, the methods of landslide monitoring system network and practice, the stability analysis of landslide monitoring datum and the optimization of landslide monitoring network are deeply studied. Through the research, a set of applicable method is formed, which can guide landslide monitoring in long and narrow area. The research contents and results are as follows: 1) the establishment and application effect of landslide monitoring network in the three Gorges reservoir area are introduced, the purpose and significance of the paper are put forward, and the GNSS reference frame is reviewed systematically. High precision GPS data processing and deformation analysis, deformation monitoring network optimization design and other related theories, methods and results. 2) the definition, establishment and maintenance method of ITRF and IGS reference frame used in high precision GPS data processing are discussed. And the coordinate systems of Beijing 54, Xi'an 80 and WGS-84 used for landslide monitoring results in the three Gorges Reservoir area. In view of the problems of the transformation of various coordinate systems involved in landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the conversion between different ITRF frames is studied. The conversions of the coordinate datum of precise ephemeris and ground datum station in the WGS-84 coordinate system and the reference coordinate system in China and the equivalent coordinate transformation are studied. 3) the GPS system network technology for landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area is studied. In view of the zonal distribution of the reservoir area, the method of multi-reference station netting is studied. By dividing subnets, the processing method of systematic error in GPS data processing is systematically studied, and the influence of gross error observation value on the adjustment result is analyzed. On the basis of comparing the difference between the global adjustment and the partition adjustment, the optimal method of GPS system network is determined. By using this method, 122 landslide monitoring points in the three Gorges Reservoir area are unified into landslide monitoring in the reservoir area, which improves the operation efficiency and the accuracy and reliability of landslide monitoring. The technical problem of GPS integrated monitoring network for landslide monitoring in the three Gorges Reservoir area is solved. 4) the stability analysis method of the landslide monitoring datum in the three Gorges Reservoir area is studied. This method takes into account the limitations of the existing methods and the influence of block motion in the large-scale deformation analysis. The stability of the datum is analyzed by using the multi-period GPS observation data of 2008-2011. The results show that during the three years of high water level storage in the three Gorges Reservoir, there is an unstable working base point in the reservoir area. The horizontal displacement of the unstable point is above 4cm, the maximum horizontal displacement is 79.4 cm, and the vertical displacement of the unstable point is above 4.5cm. The maximum vertical change is 53.7 cm. The horizontal displacement direction of unstable points is consistent with the results of site geographical environment verification, and the vertical displacement direction is more consistent with the monitoring results of seismic departments. 5) the optimization technology of landslide monitoring network in the three Gorges reservoir area is studied. Combined with the actual observation environment conditions of 122 landslide bodies in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the optimum observation period, length and cut-off height angle of GPS monitoring are analyzed. The precision, reliability, sensitivity and cost of GPS landslide monitoring network are derived, and the optimization model of GPS landslide monitoring network is established. Based on the simulation method and analytical method, the GPS deformation network of the landslide body in the three Gorges Reservoir area is optimized, and the better monitoring network shape is obtained. By analyzing the optimization results of a large number of landslide bodies, a conclusion of applicability is concluded, which can be used as a guide for landslide monitoring in the whole reservoir area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4;P642.22

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