本文選題：礦區(qū) + 遙感影像�。� 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾工作是一項(xiàng)持續(xù)性動態(tài)工程，隨著復(fù)墾工作的廣泛開展,土地復(fù)墾整理效果的跟蹤監(jiān)測評價日益重要，植被覆蓋度是其中一個十分重要的評價參數(shù)，是植物群落覆蓋地表狀況的一個綜合量化指標(biāo)，研究煤礦區(qū)植被覆蓋度的估算及其變化，可以反映出土地復(fù)墾的程度與質(zhì)量，為煤礦區(qū)土地利用規(guī)劃提供指導(dǎo)，也可為編制煤礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾規(guī)劃提供幫助，對全面了解采礦對區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響和輔助礦區(qū)生態(tài)重建具有重要的意義。同時，礦區(qū)植被動態(tài)監(jiān)測的研究結(jié)果可以為區(qū)域土地資源集約高效利用和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)提供支持，可以促使土地利用更趨合理，從而達(dá)到土地資源可持續(xù)利用的目的。 本文首先辨析了植被指數(shù)及植被覆蓋度等基本概念理論，，以像元二分模型為基礎(chǔ)，并對參數(shù)的取值方法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，進(jìn)而采用歸一化植被指數(shù)—NDVI來建立估算模型。實(shí)證研究以山西平朔煤礦區(qū)為例，采用多源多時相的Worldview-2和TM遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)，分別從橫向的年代變化和縱向的季節(jié)變化兩個角度，利用ENVI軟件對各期影像的植被覆蓋度進(jìn)行了估算，之后對結(jié)果影像進(jìn)行分級統(tǒng)計，在計算結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，對比分析礦區(qū)植被覆蓋度變化情況，提取出植被變化信息，得出整個露天煤礦以及排土場植被的生長狀況及時空變化特征。最后，嘗試對比了不同遙感數(shù)據(jù)在植被動態(tài)監(jiān)測中的效果。 結(jié)果表明：從1999年到2010年，該煤礦區(qū)植被覆蓋度總體上保持在穩(wěn)定水平，表現(xiàn)出輕微的上升趨勢，而不同區(qū)域的植被覆蓋度呈現(xiàn)出不同的變化趨勢，土地復(fù)墾后的試驗(yàn)區(qū)植被覆蓋度比復(fù)墾前高。一些自然林地及耕地退化為露天礦、未復(fù)墾排土場及剝離區(qū)，植被退化，覆蓋程度降低；同時季節(jié)變化對整個礦區(qū)的植被影響也很大，夏季和秋季是植被長勢最旺盛的季節(jié)，是開展動態(tài)監(jiān)測評價的最佳時間段。評價結(jié)果符合實(shí)際情況，采用遙感動態(tài)監(jiān)測技術(shù)手段，對整個礦區(qū)以及土地復(fù)墾后的礦區(qū)植被狀況進(jìn)行大面積動態(tài)監(jiān)測評價是可行的。
[Abstract]:Land reclamation in mining area is a continuous dynamic project. With the extensive development of land reclamation, it is increasingly important to track, monitor and evaluate the effect of land reclamation. Vegetation coverage is one of the most important evaluation parameters. It is a comprehensive quantitative index of plant community covering surface condition. Studying the estimation and change of vegetation cover degree in coal mine area can reflect the degree and quality of land reclamation and provide guidance for land use planning in coal mine area. It can also provide help for the compilation of land reclamation planning in coal mining area, and it is of great significance to understand the impact of mining on regional ecosystem and to assist the ecological reconstruction of mining area. At the same time, the research results of vegetation dynamic monitoring in mining areas can provide support for intensive and efficient utilization of regional land resources and ecological environment protection, and promote more rational land use. In order to achieve the purpose of sustainable utilization of land resources, this paper first discriminates and analyzes the basic concept theory, such as vegetation index and vegetation coverage, based on the pixel dichotomy model, and improves the method of parameter selection. Then the normalized vegetation index-NDVI is used to establish the estimation model. Taking Pingshuo coal mine area of Shanxi Province as an example, this paper uses multi-source and multi-temporal Worldview-2 and TM remote sensing image data, from two angles of lateral and vertical seasonal variation, respectively. The vegetation coverage of each period image was estimated by ENVI software, and the result image was classified and counted. On the basis of the calculated results, the variation of vegetation coverage in mining area was compared and analyzed, and the vegetation change information was extracted. The characteristics of vegetation growth and space-time variation in open-pit coal mine and dump are obtained. Finally, the effects of different remote sensing data on vegetation dynamic monitoring are compared. The results show that from 1999 to 2010, the vegetation coverage in this coal mining area remained at a stable level, showing a slight upward trend. The vegetation coverage of different regions showed different trends, and the vegetation coverage of the experimental area after land reclamation was higher than that before reclamation. Some natural woodlands and cultivated land are degraded into open-pit mines, unreclaimed dump sites and strip areas, and vegetation degradation and coverage are reduced. Meanwhile, seasonal changes also have a great impact on the vegetation of the whole mining area, and summer and autumn are the most prosperous seasons for vegetation growth. It is the best time for dynamic monitoring and evaluation. The evaluation results are in line with the actual situation. It is feasible to use the remote sensing dynamic monitoring technique to monitor and evaluate the vegetation status of the whole mining area and the area after land reclamation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD88;P237;Q948

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本文編號：1998285