發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-08 22:10

  本文選題：非常規(guī)航攝影像 + 影像仿真��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：航空攝影測(cè)量是獲取及更新地理信息的重要手段,是基本比例尺地形圖的主要成圖方式,已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)測(cè)繪的通用作業(yè)模式。隨著科技的發(fā)展,攝影測(cè)量有了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。輕小型飛行平臺(tái)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于航空攝影測(cè)量,使其作業(yè)形式更加靈活,但也帶來(lái)了影像姿態(tài)不穩(wěn)定的新問(wèn)題。本文圍繞非常規(guī)航攝影像的定向和定位這一主線,針對(duì)其排列不規(guī)則、姿態(tài)變化大引起的新問(wèn)題,以空中三角測(cè)量為基礎(chǔ),深入研究了適用于非常規(guī)航攝影像的定向方法,并對(duì)其定位精度進(jìn)行了深入探討。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新性成果如下： (1)改進(jìn)了非常規(guī)航攝影像的模擬方法。為提高處理效率,改進(jìn)了影像模擬方法,提出以面元為處理單位的反解法對(duì)航攝影像進(jìn)行模擬。首先選取待模擬區(qū)域?qū)?yīng)的DEM和DOM數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)航攝條件設(shè)置影像的內(nèi)外方位元素；其次根據(jù)區(qū)域的地形特點(diǎn)將影像劃分為面元；然后對(duì)面元四角的像素進(jìn)行高程迭代以獲取其對(duì)應(yīng)地面點(diǎn)的平面位置,并建立面元與地面格網(wǎng)的近似仿射變換關(guān)系；最后基于仿射變換計(jì)算面元上所有像素對(duì)應(yīng)的地面平面位置,并在DOM上獲取灰度值。對(duì)平地和丘陵地的多種攝影條件下的航攝影像模擬結(jié)果表明,本文提出的影像模擬方法能夠模擬各種攝影條件下的航攝影像,相比逐像素的影像模擬方法,處理效率提高了10倍左右。 (2)分析了航攝影像的匹配精度。通過(guò)對(duì)模擬的航攝影像進(jìn)行高精度影像匹配,評(píng)價(jià)影像匹配的精度。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)影像間幾何變形小的影像,匹配精度優(yōu)于1/6像素；對(duì)影像間幾何變形較大的影像,匹配精度一般不超過(guò)0.4像素。這一統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可作為影像自動(dòng)量測(cè)的精度估值以及檢驗(yàn)指標(biāo)。 (3)針對(duì)影像間存在大旋角的立體像對(duì),提出了以奇異值分解約束本質(zhì)矩陣獲得未知數(shù)初值的嚴(yán)格相對(duì)定向方法。首先構(gòu)建影像間的本質(zhì)矩陣,采用傳統(tǒng)的8點(diǎn)法線性求解本質(zhì)矩陣元素；其次顧及本質(zhì)矩陣的秩虧特性,采用奇異值分解方法對(duì)本質(zhì)矩陣進(jìn)行降秩約束；然后從經(jīng)約束的本質(zhì)矩陣元素導(dǎo)出相對(duì)定向元素的初始值；最后將初始值帶入到基于上下視差的嚴(yán)格相對(duì)定向模型進(jìn)行迭代求解。對(duì)模擬影像、常規(guī)航攝影像、非常規(guī)航攝影像的相對(duì)定向試驗(yàn)表明,該方法適用于存在大旋角立體影像對(duì)的相對(duì)定向,能夠滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)重構(gòu)立體模型的精度需求。 (4)針對(duì)存在大旋角、大傾角的影像模型,提出了基于平面旋轉(zhuǎn)的絕對(duì)定向方法。方法的核心是根據(jù)擬合平面的法向量的旋轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系直接求解三維旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)。首先對(duì)模型點(diǎn)在像方坐標(biāo)系和物方坐標(biāo)系下各自擬合出最佳平面,并計(jì)算平面的法向量；然后通過(guò)平面法向量的空間旋轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系直接求解絕對(duì)定向角元素的初值；最后,將角元素初值連同由經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式估計(jì)的比例系數(shù)初值一并代入絕對(duì)定向的嚴(yán)格模型進(jìn)行絕對(duì)定向元素的精確求解。對(duì)模擬影像、航攝影像、近景影像的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文方法適用于存在大旋轉(zhuǎn)角的影像模型的絕對(duì)定向,定向精度滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需求。 (5)分析了解析空中三角測(cè)量各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的誤差傳播特性,統(tǒng)計(jì)了非常規(guī)影像定位定向的精度估值。通過(guò)對(duì)各種攝影條件下的模擬航攝影像區(qū)域網(wǎng)的平差處理,給出非常規(guī)航攝影像定位精度的估算公式。
[Abstract]:Aero photogrammetry is an important means of obtaining and updating geographic information. It is the main mapping method of basic scale topographic map. It has become the general operation mode of basic surveying and mapping in our country. With the development of science and technology, photogrammetry has made great progress. The light and small flying platform has been applied to aero photogrammetry to make its operation form more In this paper, based on the orientation and positioning of the unconventional aerial photography, this paper focuses on the orientation and positioning of the unconventional aerial photography, aiming at the new problems caused by the irregular arrangement and the large change of attitude. Based on the aerial triangulation, the orientation method suitable for the unconventional aerial photography is deeply studied and its positioning accuracy is advanced. The main research contents and innovative achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) improved the simulation method of the unconventional aerial photography image. In order to improve the processing efficiency and improve the image simulation method, the inverse solution of the surface element as the processing unit is proposed to simulate the aerial photography. First, we select the DEM and DOM data corresponding to the simulated region, set the internal and external elements of the image according to the aerial conditions, and then according to the area of the area. The image is divided into a surface element, and then the pixel of the four corner of the opposite element is iterated to obtain the plane position of its corresponding ground point, and the approximate affine transformation relationship between the surface element and the ground grid is established. Finally, the ground plane position corresponding to all pixels on the surface element is calculated based on the affine transformation, and the gray value is obtained on the DOM. The simulation results of aerial photography under various photographing conditions in flat and hilly areas show that the proposed image simulation method can simulate the aerial photography under various photographing conditions. Compared with the pixel by pixel image simulation method, the processing efficiency is increased by about 10 times.
(2) the matching accuracy of aerial photography is analyzed. The accuracy of image matching is evaluated by matching the simulated aerial images with high precision images. The experimental results show that the matching precision is better than 1/6 pixels for small images with small geometric distortion, and the matching precision is generally not more than 0.4 pixels for the image with large geometric distortion between images. The results can be used as the accuracy estimation and inspection index for automatic image measurement.
(3) in view of the stereoscopic image pairs with large rotation angles between images, a strict relative orientation method is proposed to obtain the initial values of unknowns by the singular value decomposition constraint essential matrix. First, the essential matrix between the images is constructed, and the traditional 8 point method is used to solve the essential matrix elements linearly. Secondly, the rank deficiency characteristics of the essential matrix are taken into account, and the singular value decomposition square is adopted. The method has a reduced rank constraint on the essential matrix, and then derives the initial values of the relative orienting elements from the essential matrix elements that are constrained. Finally, the initial values are introduced into the strict relative orientation model based on the upper and lower parallax. The method is applicable to the relative orientation of stereo image pairs with large swirling angles, which can meet the accuracy requirement of reconstructing 3D models in actual production.
(4) an absolute orientation method based on plane rotation is proposed for the image model of large rotation angle and large dip angle. The core of the method is to solve the three dimensional rotation parameters directly according to the rotation relation of the normal vector of the fitting plane. First, the best plane of the model point in the image square coordinate system and the matter square coordinate system is fitted together, and the method of calculating the plane is calculated. The initial value of the absolute orientation angle element is solved directly by the space rotation relation of the plane normal vector. Finally, the exact solution of the absolute orientation element is solved with the initial values of the angular elements together with the initial values estimated by the empirical formula into the absolute orientation. The experimental results show that the method is applicable to the absolute orientation of the image model with large rotation angle, and the orientation accuracy meets the actual production demand.
(5) the error propagation characteristics of each link in the aerial triangulation are analyzed, and the accuracy estimation of the unconventional image location orientation is calculated. The estimation formula of the location precision of the unconventional aerial photography image is given through the adjustment of the simulated aerial photography area network under various photographing conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P231

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本文編號(hào)：1997368