發(fā)布時間：2018-05-21 10:47

  本文選題：農用地質量 + 熵值法��； 參考：《內蒙古師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展一直是中國的基本國策,2013年12月23日召開的中央農村工作會議中提出“確保糧食安全,堅守18億畝耕地紅線”的口號,并指出是2014年國家經濟工作中的首要任務,其中北方干旱區(qū)農業(yè)系統(tǒng)的地位不容小覷。中國北方農牧交錯帶是自然群落——草地與人工群落——農田廣泛交織或鑲嵌的生態(tài)復合體,該區(qū)域具有不可估量的生產潛力,是荒漠化、沙化東移和南下的綠色屏障。奈曼旗位于科爾沁沙地南緣——典型的農牧交錯區(qū),其土地利用類型中農用地占24.25%,主要從事農業(yè)人口卻占總人口的70.2%,對農用地的依賴性較強,但不理想的自然環(huán)境和不合理的人為活動加劇了該地區(qū)農用地質量的下降,提升農用地質量已刻不容緩;因此,從多種角度鑒定農用地質量差異,保持優(yōu)質農用地并修復劣質農用地,根據(jù)農用地質量多層次分區(qū)管理,對農用地布局的調整及高效、合理利用農用地資源具有重要指導意義且成為了解決糧食安全的最佳途徑。本文結合奈曼旗農用地的特點,選取基于有效磷、速效鉀、土壤侵蝕、地形部位、農田基礎設施等17個指標體系,借助變權觀念,通過熵值法和主成分分析法確定權重;運用反距離權重法等空間分析技術和農用地質量分等定級法計算了內蒙古奈曼旗15個蘇木鎮(zhèn)的農用地質量等級,探討了4期年份間時空分布的變化規(guī)律,并揭示了農用地主要影響因素的影響規(guī)律。本文主要得出結論如下:(1)奈曼旗農用地級別按面積排序:四級三級一級二級,所占比重為29.21%、25.98%、22.15%、22.66%。奈曼旗一級主要分布于東北部及中部,其外圍分布著二級農用地,三級分布于中部和二級農用地的外圍,四級分布于東南部山區(qū)。(2)農用地質量時間變化特點上,一級和四級農用地先降后升,其一級農用地面積由18%下降至16%再上升至23%;四級農用地面積在2006年達到34%,2009~2012年間均為26%,2015年逐步增加至29%;二級農用地經歷了先升后降的過程,2009年為止由23%增加為26%,再下降至22%;三級的變化趨勢同二級相似,2012年時最多達34%,由此遞減為26%,二、三級的增加有效的減緩了優(yōu)劣農用地之間的差異,級別分配趨于均勻化。(3)農用地質量空間變化特征上,2006~2015年間奈曼旗北部及中部離河流近的平坦地區(qū)向周邊向南部遞減且?guī)又苓叺貐^(qū)也產生相應的好轉,北部增添81.08Km2的一級農用地、南部減少了153.45Km2的六級農用地。但優(yōu)質農用地數(shù)量仍稀少,利用較困難的農用地眾多,分別為596.68Km2、1109.81Km2;風沙多發(fā)區(qū)及山區(qū)面臨著退化危機,自然狀況脆弱且缺乏穩(wěn)定性,治理困難,山區(qū)農用地由1019.72Km2遞減至731.12Km2,同時林地、草地的面積之和從649.31Km2猛增至1032.24Km2,其利用質量明顯優(yōu)于農用地。經濟質量分布來看,大沁他拉鎮(zhèn)及東北地區(qū)的自然條件和社會經濟條件都非常有利于農業(yè)的發(fā)展,占總面積44.8%,呈現(xiàn)由此向外部逐漸降低的規(guī)律且南部四級農用地減少了248.28Km2。(4)評價指標體系中社會經濟因素的影響逐漸超越自然因素,其灌溉保證率、農田基礎設施、產量水平等三個指標因素的權重已達到0.4701。由于2006~2015年大沁他拉鎮(zhèn)、明仁蘇木、治安鎮(zhèn)的有效灌溉保證率和完全配套的基礎設施使得部分二級農用地已轉為一級;而西北部分布著127.19Km2的風沙土、質地中41%為砂土、土壤養(yǎng)分含量較低,侵蝕嚴重,致使產量水平較低,使得部分一級和三級農用地成為二級;義隆永鎮(zhèn)和新鎮(zhèn)的地形和灌溉水源的作用明顯,致使二級和四級農用地轉為三級;青龍山鎮(zhèn)、新鎮(zhèn)等山區(qū)的部分三級農用地轉入四級,雖然面臨水土流失頻發(fā)、農用地連片度低、地塊面積小且分散分布于緩坡上的問題,地形部位、土壤質地等的自然權重高達0.3926,但農田基礎設施齊全度、灌溉水源和排水體系的協(xié)調程度的提高,有效地改變著劣質農用地的利用,相比自然條件的改善更具現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of agriculture has always been the basic national policy of China. In the central rural work conference held in December 23, 2013, the slogan of "ensuring food security and adhering to the red line of 1 billion 800 million acres of cultivated land" was put forward and pointed out as the primary task in the national economic work in 2014. The status of agricultural system in the northern arid areas should not be underestimated. The pastoral ecotone is a natural community - grassland and artificial communities - an ecological complex which is widely interwoven or inlaid in farmland. The region has an inestimable production potential. It is the green barrier of desertification, desertification and south. The Naiman Banner is located in the southern edge of Horqin sandy land, the typical agro pastoral area, and its land use type is used for agricultural land. 24.25%, mainly engaged in agricultural population, accounting for 70.2% of the total population and strong dependence on agricultural land, but not ideal natural environment and unreasonable human activities aggravated the decline of the quality of agricultural land in this area, and the quality of agricultural land has been urgently needed. Therefore, the quality of agricultural land is identified from various angles, and the quality of agricultural land is maintained and the agricultural land is maintained and the quality of agricultural land is maintained and the agricultural land is maintained and In order to repair the poor agricultural land, according to the multi-level management of agricultural land quality, it has important guiding significance for the adjustment and efficiency of agricultural land distribution and the rational use of agricultural land resources and is the best way to understand the food safety. 17 index systems, such as farmland infrastructure, are used to determine weight by means of entropy method and principal component analysis with the help of the concept of variable weight. The grade of agricultural land quality in the 15 Su wood towns of Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia, is calculated by using the space analysis technique of reverse distance weighting and the grade classification method of agricultural land quality, and the changes of the spatial and temporal distribution between the 4 years are discussed. Law, and revealed the main influence factors of agricultural land. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the agricultural land level of Naiman Banner is ranked according to the area: four grade three level and two grade, the proportion is 29.21%, 25.98%, 22.15%, 22.66%. Naiman flag is mainly distributed in the northeast and Central, its peripheral distribution is two level agricultural land, three level distribution On the periphery of the agricultural land in the middle and two levels, the four level is distributed in the southeast mountain area. (2) on the characteristics of the time change of the agricultural land quality, the first and four grade agricultural land descends first and then rises, and the first grade agricultural land area falls from 18% to 16% and then up to 23%; the four grade agricultural land area is 34% in 2006, 26% in 2009~2012, and gradually increased to 29%, two level in 2015. Agricultural land has gone through the process of rising and descending first and then falling from 23% to 26% in 2009, and then down to 22%. The change trend of grade three is similar to that of grade two, and up to 34% in 2012, thus decreasing to 26%, two and three level effectively slowing down the difference between agricultural land and homogenization. (3) the spatial change characteristics of agricultural land quality. In 2006~2015, the flat areas near the river in the northern and central parts of the Naiman Banner were diminishing to the South and led to the corresponding improvement in the surrounding areas, the first grade agricultural land of 81.08Km2 was added to the north and the six grade of 153.45Km2 was reduced in the south, but the quantity of high quality agricultural land was still scarce and the more difficult agricultural land was used, respectively. For 596.68Km21109.81Km2, the wind and sand areas and mountainous areas are facing the degradation crisis, the natural condition is weak, the stability is lacking, the treatment is difficult, the agricultural land in the mountain area is reduced from 1019.72Km2 to 731.12Km2, and the area of the woodland, the grassland is rapidly increasing from the 649.31Km2 to the 1032.24Km2, and its utilization quality is obviously superior to the agricultural land. The natural conditions and social and economic conditions in qinara and northeastern regions are very beneficial to the development of agriculture, accounting for 44.8% of the total area, showing the law of gradually decreasing to the outside, and the reduction of the four level agricultural land in the southern part of the 248.28Km2. (4) index system of social and economic factors, which gradually surpasses the natural factors, its irrigation guarantee rate, and the agriculture. The weight of three index factors, such as field infrastructure, production level, and so on, has reached 0.4701. due to the 2006~2015 years of great Qinhe La Town, Akihito Su mu, the effective irrigation guarantee rate and complete supporting infrastructure in the town of public order made part of the two grade agricultural land turn to first grade; in the northwest, the wind sand soil of 127.19Km2, and the soil 41% sand, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, and soil, 41% of soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, soil, and soil in 41% of the soil in the Northwest The nutrient content is low, the erosion is serious and the production level is low, which makes the part one and three grade agricultural land become two. The effect of the topographic and irrigation water of the Yilong and new town is obvious, causing the two and four grade agricultural land to three grade, and the three grade agricultural land in Qinglong, new town and other mountainous areas is transferred to grade four, although it is faced with soil erosion. Frequent occurrence, low degree of agricultural land, small land area and scattered on the gentle slope, the natural weight of topographic sites and soil texture is up to 0.3926, but the complete degree of farmland infrastructure, the improvement of the coordination degree of irrigation water source and drainage system, effectively changing the use of inferior agricultural land, is more present than the improvement of natural conditions. Real meaning.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P208;F321.1

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