本文選題：生態(tài)空間 + GIS空間分析��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：生物體及其周圍環(huán)境(包括非生物環(huán)境和生物環(huán)境)之間的相互關(guān)系是生態(tài)學(xué)的主要研究對象。但是，這種相互關(guān)系很可能受種群數(shù)量統(tǒng)計和環(huán)境背景波動的影響，并且在很大時空范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生。地理信息系統(tǒng)(Geographic Information System,GIS)的出現(xiàn)，為生態(tài)學(xué)空間尺度研究提供了有效的分析手段。生態(tài)空間研究也逐漸演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代生態(tài)學(xué)和宏觀生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的重大研究課題�；诖吮尘埃疚膹摹袄碚�-技術(shù)-實證”三位一體出發(fā)，在充分融合“生態(tài)學(xué)基本理論”、“空間理論”和“GIS空間分析”技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上，提出了生態(tài)空間理論體系和系統(tǒng)化定量分析方法，并對受強烈“自然-人工”二元干擾下的三峽庫區(qū)開展了實證研究。論文共分8章，總體上前2章為生態(tài)空間理論構(gòu)建和GIS空間分析方法理論研究，中間5章為具體實證研究，最后1章為總結(jié)部分。取得的主要成果有： ①從生態(tài)空間概念架構(gòu)，生態(tài)空間理論基本原理，GIS支持下的生態(tài)空間分析方法，生態(tài)空間格局、動態(tài)，生態(tài)空間調(diào)控與生態(tài)空間規(guī)劃幾個方面歸納總結(jié)了生態(tài)空間相關(guān)理論，在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了基于GIS技術(shù)的生態(tài)空間理論體系，為實證研究奠定了理論和方法基礎(chǔ)。 ②在上述理論與方法指導(dǎo)下，從四個方面開展了三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)空間定量化分析。結(jié)果顯示：1)三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以森林和農(nóng)田為主，空間分布格局差異較大；2000-2010年間，人工表面面積持續(xù)增長，而農(nóng)田面積大幅減少，其主要向森林、濕地和人工表面發(fā)生了大量轉(zhuǎn)化；2)都市區(qū)-三峽腹心-東部中低山區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)梯度樣帶上，人工表面表現(xiàn)出明顯減弱趨勢，呈典型的城鄉(xiāng)過渡特征；受地形條件影響，森林、草地、農(nóng)田等生態(tài)景觀特征變化波動較大，偶然性突出；3)三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性以高度敏感為主，主要體現(xiàn)在生境和土壤侵蝕敏感性兩方面，空間上高敏感區(qū)主要集中在東北部和東南部中低山森林植被覆蓋區(qū)；4)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能重要性主要以高度重要和極重要為主，空間上東部重要性等級高于西部，極重要區(qū)域主要分布在主要干支流水域及其兩側(cè)，呈條帶狀分布；以及呈組團式分布在區(qū)內(nèi)海拔較高的山脊，主要表現(xiàn)為生物多樣性維持、土壤保持和水源涵養(yǎng)功能。 ③從自然條件、社會經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)環(huán)境三個方面出發(fā)，構(gòu)建了14項定量指標(biāo)，通過聚類分析和空間疊加方法，結(jié)合生態(tài)敏感性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能重要性評價結(jié)果，開展三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃。三峽庫區(qū)劃分為4個生態(tài)功能區(qū)和7個生態(tài)功能亞區(qū)。其中4個生態(tài)功能區(qū)分別為：1)都市圈城市生態(tài)調(diào)控區(qū)，主導(dǎo)生態(tài)功能為生態(tài)恢復(fù)與保護；2)平行嶺谷低山丘陵農(nóng)林及旅游生態(tài)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展區(qū)，主導(dǎo)生態(tài)功能為水文調(diào)蓄和水源涵養(yǎng)；3)三峽庫區(qū)土壤侵蝕敏感與水源涵養(yǎng)生態(tài)功能區(qū)，主導(dǎo)生態(tài)功能為生物多樣性保護、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)保持、水體保護、水源涵養(yǎng)和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治；4)消落帶水質(zhì)保護及沿岸濕地生態(tài)休閑區(qū)，主導(dǎo)生態(tài)功能為水質(zhì)保護。 ④三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)空間管控區(qū)通過生態(tài)保護紅線劃定表達，是維護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)、保障生態(tài)安全具有關(guān)鍵作用的最小生態(tài)空間。紅線區(qū)主要由生物多樣性保護區(qū)、重要生態(tài)功能區(qū)和生態(tài)敏感區(qū)三部分構(gòu)成，實施分級管理。一級管控區(qū)和二級管控區(qū)面積分別為6087.83km2和8336.33km2，分別占三峽庫區(qū)總面積的13.18%和18.05%。一級管控區(qū)主要分布在東部地區(qū)和都市區(qū)“四山”。在此基礎(chǔ)上，針對三峽庫區(qū)主導(dǎo)的生物多樣性保護、水源涵養(yǎng)和土壤保持功能，，構(gòu)建三峽庫區(qū)綜合生態(tài)安全格局。安全格局分三個等級，其中三級生態(tài)安全區(qū)占主導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢，面積為21076.48km2，占整個三峽庫區(qū)總面積的45.64%；一級生態(tài)安全區(qū)和二級生態(tài)安全區(qū)面積相當(dāng)，面積比分別為25.33%和29.03%。三個等級通過建立“底線、滿意、理想”安全格局構(gòu)成三峽庫區(qū)綜合生態(tài)安全的分級分類空間導(dǎo)控。 ⑤自然生態(tài)要素顯著的過渡性特征和空間異質(zhì)性，造就了三峽庫區(qū)豐富多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型和極高的物種多樣性。根據(jù)自然環(huán)境狀況、生物多樣性賦存特點、保護與利用方向，確定三峽庫區(qū)5個生物多樣性保護關(guān)鍵區(qū)基礎(chǔ)上，以典型的“基質(zhì)-斑塊-廊道”網(wǎng)絡(luò)型空間模式為基礎(chǔ)，以區(qū)內(nèi)低山森林及生態(tài)走廊為骨架，以中低山為生態(tài)源，構(gòu)建了三峽庫區(qū)四個等級的生態(tài)空間體系。此外，在資源系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境系統(tǒng)和社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)三個方面選擇25項定量指標(biāo)建立生態(tài)經(jīng)濟空間評估體系，通過空間聚類方法，開展了三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟空間分區(qū)。三峽庫區(qū)分為6個生態(tài)經(jīng)濟大區(qū)和8個生態(tài)經(jīng)濟亞區(qū)，并對各生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū)分區(qū)定位及發(fā)展方向進行了探討。
[Abstract]:The relationship between organisms and their surrounding environment, including the abiotic environment and the biological environment, is the main object of ecology. However, this relationship is likely to be affected by the population statistics and environmental fluctuations, and occurs in a large space and time range. Geographic Information System (GIS). It provides an effective analytical means for the study of ecological spatial scale. Ecological space research has gradually evolved into a major research topic in the field of modern ecology and macroecology. Based on this background, this paper, starting from the trinity of "theory technology demonstration", fully integrates the "basic theory of ecology", "space theory" and "space theory". On the basis of "GIS spatial analysis" technology, an ecological space theory system and systematic quantitative analysis method are proposed, and an empirical study is carried out on the Three Gorges Reservoir area under the strong "natural artificial" two yuan interference. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first 2 chapters are the theoretical study of the ecological space theory and the GIS spatial analysis method, and the middle 5 chapters are in the middle. The last 1 chapters are the concluding remarks. The main results are as follows:
(1) from the conceptual framework of ecological space, the basic principle of ecological space theory, the ecological spatial analysis method under the support of GIS, the ecological spatial pattern, the dynamic, the ecological space regulation and the ecological space planning, the ecological space related theories are summed up. On this basis, the ecological space theory system based on the GIS technology is constructed, and the empirical research is made for the empirical research. The study laid the foundation of theory and method.
Under the guidance of the above theories and methods, the quantitative analysis of ecological space in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has been carried out from four aspects. The results show that: 1) the ecological system of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is mainly forest and farmland, and the spatial distribution pattern is very different. In the 2000-2010 years, the artificial surface area continues to grow, and the area of farmland is greatly reduced, which is mainly to the forest and wet. There is a lot of transformation between the ground and the artificial surface; 2) on the gradient samples of the urban and rural areas of the Three Gorges and the middle and low mountain areas of the East, the artificial surface shows a obvious weakening trend, showing a typical urban and rural transitional characteristic; the changes of the ecological landscape characteristics of the forest, grassland and farmland fluctuate greatly by the terrain conditions, and 3) the Three Gorges Reservoir region. The state sensitivity is mainly highly sensitive, mainly in two aspects of habitat and soil erosion sensitivity. The spatial Gao Min sensing area is mainly concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern middle and low mountain forest vegetation areas; 4) the importance of ecosystem service function mainly is highly important and extremely important, and the importance of the East in the East is higher than that in the West. The most important areas are mainly distributed in the main dry branch water and its two sides, showing a strip distribution, and the group is distributed in the high altitude ridge in the area, mainly manifested in the maintenance of biodiversity, soil conservation and water conservation.
(3) from three aspects of natural conditions, social economy and ecological environment, 14 quantitative indexes are constructed. The ecological functional zoning of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is carried out by cluster analysis and space superposition method, combined with the ecological sensitivity and the importance evaluation of ecosystem service function. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is divided into 4 ecological functions and 7 ecological functions. Sub area. 4 ecological function areas are: 1) urban ecological regulation area of metropolitan area, leading ecological function for ecological restoration and protection; 2) parallel ridge valley low mountain and hills agroforestry and Tourism Ecological Economic Development Zone, the dominant ecological function for hydrological regulation and water conservation; 3) soil erosion sensitivity and water conservation ecological function area in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, The dominant ecological functions are biodiversity conservation, nutrient preservation, water conservation, water conservation and geological disaster prevention and control; 4) water quality protection of the falling zone and ecological leisure area along the coastal wetland, and the ecological function as the water quality protection.
(4) the ecological space management and control area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is delimited and expressed through the ecological protection red line. It is the minimum ecological space to maintain the ecosystem service and protect the ecological security. The red line area consists of three parts, the biodiversity conservation area, the important ecological function area and the ecological sensitive area, and the implementation of hierarchical management. The first level control area and two The area of the control and control area is 6087.83km2 and 8336.33km2 respectively. The 13.18% and 18.05%. level control areas in the total area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are mainly distributed in the eastern region and the "four mountains" in the metropolitan area. On this basis, the biodiversity conservation, water conservation and soil conservation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are used to build the comprehensive ecological security of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The security pattern is divided into three grades, of which the three level ecological safety zone occupies the dominant advantage, the area is 21076.48km2, accounting for 45.64% of the total area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the first grade ecological safety zone and the two level ecological safety area are equal, the area ratio is 25.33% and the 29.03%., respectively, through the establishment of the "bottom line, satisfactory, ideal" safety pattern. It is a hierarchical classification space guidance and control system for comprehensive ecological safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
The significant transitional and spatial heterogeneity of natural ecological factors make the Three Gorges Reservoir area rich and diverse types of ecosystems and high species diversity. Based on the natural environment, the characteristics of biodiversity, the protection and utilization direction, and on the basis of the key areas of the 5 species diversity conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, it is typical of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Based on the matrix - patch - corridor "network space model", with the low mountain forest and ecological corridor as the skeleton, and the middle and low mountain as the ecological source, the ecological space system of four grades of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is constructed. In addition, 25 quantitative indexes are selected to establish the ecological economic space assessment in the resources system, the environmental system and the social and economic system on three sides. The ecological economic spatial partition of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is carried out by spatial clustering method. The Three Gorges Reservoir area is divided into 6 ecological economic regions and 8 eco economic subregions, and the orientation and development direction of each ecological economic zone are discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208;X171

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