本文選題：GIS + 生態(tài)脆弱性　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是生物群落與非生物自然因素組成的各種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所構(gòu)成的整體，是人類生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。生態(tài)環(huán)境的健康發(fā)展關(guān)系到整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。近年來(lái)，隨著對(duì)全球變化影響效應(yīng)研究的不斷加強(qiáng)，生態(tài)環(huán)境的脆弱性研究成為了各相關(guān)學(xué)科研究的熱點(diǎn)。 吉林省位于松遼平原中部，其境內(nèi)資源豐富，自然條件優(yōu)越，然而近年來(lái)由于人為因素影響，加上自然環(huán)境的災(zāi)害，其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞。了解吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性，對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)該區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量，合理利用國(guó)土資源和制定區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)吉林省可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文以吉林省為研究對(duì)象，利用相關(guān)資料，經(jīng)過(guò)克里格插值等方法計(jì)算獲取各專題指標(biāo)因子?xùn)鸥翊笮?00m×100m的分布圖，并利用主成分分析方法確定各指標(biāo)因子權(quán)重，在GIS支持下建立多源空間數(shù)據(jù)疊加的生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)模型，從而對(duì)吉林省生態(tài)脆弱狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。本文的主要結(jié)論如下： （1）吉林省整體生態(tài)脆弱狀況屬于中度脆弱偏強(qiáng)狀態(tài)，其生態(tài)脆弱性指數(shù)的最大值為0.853981，最小值為0.0989159，，平均值為0.524038。根據(jù)相關(guān)生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)研究，結(jié)合吉林省生態(tài)環(huán)境特征，本文將吉林省生態(tài)脆弱程度劃分為五個(gè)級(jí)別：潛在脆弱、輕度脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱以及極度脆弱。 （2）從總的空間分布來(lái)看，吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性分布的趨勢(shì)基本呈現(xiàn)出自東向西的逐漸過(guò)渡，且西部地區(qū)整體比東部地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱。吉林省東部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境較好，但由于人為等因素的影響，原始的生態(tài)良好區(qū)域，如今也出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的中度脆弱和輕度脆弱狀況。中部地區(qū)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)良好，土質(zhì)肥沃，但由于長(zhǎng)期的連作，土壤退化；同時(shí)由于該區(qū)城市的擴(kuò)張速度較快，產(chǎn)生了一系列城市生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題，故中部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境為大面積的重度脆弱和中度脆弱。西部地區(qū)由于氣候、水文地質(zhì)、人為等因素影響，該區(qū)“三化”問(wèn)題嚴(yán)峻，故西部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境大部分為重度脆弱和極度脆弱。 （3）吉林省各市（州）間自然環(huán)境等條件差異較大，且個(gè)別地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱程度較高，處于嚴(yán)峻的生態(tài)脆弱邊緣，應(yīng)當(dāng)引起高度重視，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境的平衡發(fā)展。通過(guò)區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異分析，吉林省各市（州）的生態(tài)脆弱程度差異顯著，平均值介于0.312154-0.666513之間。白城市生態(tài)環(huán)境最為脆弱，生態(tài)脆弱性以重度脆弱和極度脆弱為主，主要由于該地區(qū)鹽堿化程度嚴(yán)重，人類不合理的開發(fā)利用和特定自然環(huán)境加劇了其生態(tài)脆弱性的強(qiáng)度。白山市生態(tài)脆弱程度最小，以輕度脆弱為主。白山市自然條件非常優(yōu)越，總體生態(tài)水平較高，但其各區(qū)域的生態(tài)脆弱差異顯著，空間上呈現(xiàn)出向西向北的遞增趨勢(shì)。松原市、四平市和長(zhǎng)春市生態(tài)脆弱程度較大，均以重度脆弱為主。遼源市和吉林市均以中度脆弱為主。通化市和延邊朝鮮族自治州均以輕度脆弱和中度脆弱為主。 （4）生態(tài)脆弱性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：生態(tài)脆弱性指數(shù)值（EVI）與年最大NDVI值間呈現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的線性相關(guān)關(guān)系：y=-0.6724x+1.0218，相關(guān)系數(shù)的平方為0.7855，說(shuō)明NDVI與EVI之間存在較高的相關(guān)性。與此同時(shí)，經(jīng)SOFM神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢驗(yàn)，吉林省生態(tài)脆弱程度也大致呈東——西走向，從而說(shuō)明，利用主成分分析法來(lái)探究吉林省生態(tài)脆弱狀況具有一定的確定性，并能較好的反映吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the whole of various ecological systems composed of biotic community and non - biotic natural factors . It is the foundation of human existence and development . The healthy development of ecological environment is related to the sustainable development of the whole society .

Jilin Province is located in the middle of Songliao Plain with rich resources and excellent natural conditions . However , in recent years , due to human factors and natural disasters , its ecological system has been seriously damaged . Understanding the ecological fragility of Jilin Province is of great significance to the understanding of the ecological environment quality of the region , rational use of land resources and the development of regional development strategies , and to promote sustainable development in Jilin Province .

Taking Jilin Province as the research object , using relevant data and Kriging interpolation method , the distribution map of each index factor grid size of 100m 脳 100m is obtained , and the weight of each index factor is determined by using principal component analysis method . The ecological vulnerability evaluation model of multi - source spatial data superposition is established under the support of GIS . The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :

( 1 ) The ecological vulnerability of Jilin Province is moderately fragile , the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index is 0.853981 , the minimum value is 0.0989159 , the average value is 0.552 4038 . According to the relevant ecological vulnerability assessment research , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is divided into five levels : potential vulnerability , mild vulnerability , moderate vulnerability , severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 2 ) According to the overall spatial distribution , the trend of ecological fragility distribution in Jilin Province is mainly from the gradual transition from east to west , and the western region is more fragile than the eastern region .
At the same time , because of the rapid expansion speed of the city , a series of urban ecological environment problems have been generated , so the ecological environment in the central area is a large area of severe vulnerability and moderate vulnerability . The western region is serious due to climate , hydrogeologic and man - made factors . Therefore , the ecological environment in the western region is largely fragile and extremely fragile .

( 3 ) The ecological fragility of Baishan city is the most vulnerable and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and the extreme vulnerability . The ecological fragility of Baishan city is very fragile and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 4 ) The results of ecological vulnerability test show that the ecological vulnerability index value ( EVI ) presents a simple linear correlation between the annual maximum vegetation index value ( EVI ) and the annual maximum : y = - 0.6724x + 1.0218 , the square of the correlation coefficient is 0.7855 , which indicates that there is a high correlation between the vegetation and the EVI . At the same time , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is roughly in the east _ west direction by SOFM neural network .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;X826

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王介勇,趙庚星,王祥峰,王麗華,劉世美,劉濤;論我國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性及其評(píng)估[J];山東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2004年02期

2 劉蘭芳;;干旱災(zāi)害對(duì)湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響及對(duì)策[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年01期

3 魏占起,李志毅,牛權(quán)森;吉林省白城市干旱成因及抗旱對(duì)策[J];東北水利水電;2002年01期

4 陳百明;區(qū)域土地可持續(xù)利用指標(biāo)體系框架的構(gòu)建與評(píng)價(jià)[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2002年03期

5 趙躍龍,張玲娟;脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境定量評(píng)價(jià)方法的研究[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;1998年01期

6 黃方,劉湘南,張養(yǎng)貞;GIS支持下的吉林省西部生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱態(tài)勢(shì)評(píng)價(jià)研究[J];地理科學(xué);2003年01期

7 王靜愛，史培軍，朱驪;中國(guó)主要自然致災(zāi)因子的區(qū)域分異[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);1994年01期

8 楊桂山，施雅風(fēng);海平面上升對(duì)中國(guó)沿海重要工程設(shè)施與城市發(fā)展的可能影響[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);1995年04期

9 楊勤業(yè),張鐿鋰,李國(guó)棟;中國(guó)的環(huán)境脆弱形勢(shì)和危急區(qū)域[J];地理研究;1992年04期

10 商彥蕊;自然災(zāi)害綜合研究的新進(jìn)展——脆弱性研究[J];地域研究與開發(fā);2000年02期

本文編號(hào)：1872526