本文選題：GIS + 生態(tài)脆弱性�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是生物群落與非生物自然因素組成的各種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所構(gòu)成的整體，是人類生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。生態(tài)環(huán)境的健康發(fā)展關(guān)系到整個社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。近年來，隨著對全球變化影響效應(yīng)研究的不斷加強，生態(tài)環(huán)境的脆弱性研究成為了各相關(guān)學(xué)科研究的熱點。 吉林省位于松遼平原中部，其境內(nèi)資源豐富，自然條件優(yōu)越，然而近年來由于人為因素影響，加上自然環(huán)境的災(zāi)害，其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞。了解吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性，對于認(rèn)識該區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量，合理利用國土資源和制定區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進吉林省可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文以吉林省為研究對象，利用相關(guān)資料，經(jīng)過克里格插值等方法計算獲取各專題指標(biāo)因子?xùn)鸥翊笮?00m×100m的分布圖，并利用主成分分析方法確定各指標(biāo)因子權(quán)重，在GIS支持下建立多源空間數(shù)據(jù)疊加的生態(tài)脆弱性評價模型，從而對吉林省生態(tài)脆弱狀況進行評價。本文的主要結(jié)論如下： （1）吉林省整體生態(tài)脆弱狀況屬于中度脆弱偏強狀態(tài)，其生態(tài)脆弱性指數(shù)的最大值為0.853981，最小值為0.0989159，，平均值為0.524038。根據(jù)相關(guān)生態(tài)脆弱性評價研究，結(jié)合吉林省生態(tài)環(huán)境特征，本文將吉林省生態(tài)脆弱程度劃分為五個級別：潛在脆弱、輕度脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱以及極度脆弱。 （2）從總的空間分布來看，吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性分布的趨勢基本呈現(xiàn)出自東向西的逐漸過渡，且西部地區(qū)整體比東部地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱。吉林省東部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境較好，但由于人為等因素的影響，原始的生態(tài)良好區(qū)域，如今也出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的中度脆弱和輕度脆弱狀況。中部地區(qū)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)良好，土質(zhì)肥沃，但由于長期的連作，土壤退化；同時由于該區(qū)城市的擴張速度較快，產(chǎn)生了一系列城市生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，故中部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境為大面積的重度脆弱和中度脆弱。西部地區(qū)由于氣候、水文地質(zhì)、人為等因素影響，該區(qū)“三化”問題嚴(yán)峻，故西部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境大部分為重度脆弱和極度脆弱。 （3）吉林省各市（州）間自然環(huán)境等條件差異較大，且個別地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱程度較高，處于嚴(yán)峻的生態(tài)脆弱邊緣，應(yīng)當(dāng)引起高度重視，加強生態(tài)環(huán)境的平衡發(fā)展。通過區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異分析，吉林省各市（州）的生態(tài)脆弱程度差異顯著，平均值介于0.312154-0.666513之間。白城市生態(tài)環(huán)境最為脆弱，生態(tài)脆弱性以重度脆弱和極度脆弱為主，主要由于該地區(qū)鹽堿化程度嚴(yán)重，人類不合理的開發(fā)利用和特定自然環(huán)境加劇了其生態(tài)脆弱性的強度。白山市生態(tài)脆弱程度最小，以輕度脆弱為主。白山市自然條件非常優(yōu)越，總體生態(tài)水平較高，但其各區(qū)域的生態(tài)脆弱差異顯著，空間上呈現(xiàn)出向西向北的遞增趨勢。松原市、四平市和長春市生態(tài)脆弱程度較大，均以重度脆弱為主。遼源市和吉林市均以中度脆弱為主。通化市和延邊朝鮮族自治州均以輕度脆弱和中度脆弱為主。 （4）生態(tài)脆弱性檢驗結(jié)果表明：生態(tài)脆弱性指數(shù)值（EVI）與年最大NDVI值間呈現(xiàn)簡單的線性相關(guān)關(guān)系：y=-0.6724x+1.0218，相關(guān)系數(shù)的平方為0.7855，說明NDVI與EVI之間存在較高的相關(guān)性。與此同時，經(jīng)SOFM神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢驗，吉林省生態(tài)脆弱程度也大致呈東——西走向，從而說明，利用主成分分析法來探究吉林省生態(tài)脆弱狀況具有一定的確定性，并能較好的反映吉林省生態(tài)脆弱性。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the whole of various ecological systems composed of biotic community and non - biotic natural factors . It is the foundation of human existence and development . The healthy development of ecological environment is related to the sustainable development of the whole society .

Jilin Province is located in the middle of Songliao Plain with rich resources and excellent natural conditions . However , in recent years , due to human factors and natural disasters , its ecological system has been seriously damaged . Understanding the ecological fragility of Jilin Province is of great significance to the understanding of the ecological environment quality of the region , rational use of land resources and the development of regional development strategies , and to promote sustainable development in Jilin Province .

Taking Jilin Province as the research object , using relevant data and Kriging interpolation method , the distribution map of each index factor grid size of 100m 脳 100m is obtained , and the weight of each index factor is determined by using principal component analysis method . The ecological vulnerability evaluation model of multi - source spatial data superposition is established under the support of GIS . The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :

( 1 ) The ecological vulnerability of Jilin Province is moderately fragile , the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index is 0.853981 , the minimum value is 0.0989159 , the average value is 0.552 4038 . According to the relevant ecological vulnerability assessment research , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is divided into five levels : potential vulnerability , mild vulnerability , moderate vulnerability , severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 2 ) According to the overall spatial distribution , the trend of ecological fragility distribution in Jilin Province is mainly from the gradual transition from east to west , and the western region is more fragile than the eastern region .
At the same time , because of the rapid expansion speed of the city , a series of urban ecological environment problems have been generated , so the ecological environment in the central area is a large area of severe vulnerability and moderate vulnerability . The western region is serious due to climate , hydrogeologic and man - made factors . Therefore , the ecological environment in the western region is largely fragile and extremely fragile .

( 3 ) The ecological fragility of Baishan city is the most vulnerable and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and the extreme vulnerability . The ecological fragility of Baishan city is very fragile and the ecological fragility is mainly due to the severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability .

( 4 ) The results of ecological vulnerability test show that the ecological vulnerability index value ( EVI ) presents a simple linear correlation between the annual maximum vegetation index value ( EVI ) and the annual maximum : y = - 0.6724x + 1.0218 , the square of the correlation coefficient is 0.7855 , which indicates that there is a high correlation between the vegetation and the EVI . At the same time , the ecological fragility degree of Jilin Province is roughly in the east _ west direction by SOFM neural network .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;X826

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