本文選題：森林火災(zāi) + 觀測(cè)事件��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：火災(zāi)是最經(jīng)常、最普遍地威脅公眾安全和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要災(zāi)害之一。全世界每年發(fā)生大量的森林火災(zāi),給生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重破壞,給人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大損失。如何對(duì)森林進(jìn)行全面觀測(cè),及時(shí)獲取環(huán)境信息,對(duì)林火的發(fā)生進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào),以求盡可能地降低火災(zāi)造成的損失,一直是人類關(guān)心的重要研究課題。傳統(tǒng)的觀測(cè)以人工和半自動(dòng)化的手段為主,觀測(cè)過程比較繁瑣,信息處理的效率比較低,不利于火險(xiǎn)信息的及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)。隨著對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,越來越多的空、天、地傳感器加入了環(huán)境觀測(cè)的行列,使人類能夠更快地獲取森林環(huán)境信息。而自上世紀(jì)末開始的計(jì)算機(jī)、通訊、微電子等領(lǐng)域的快速發(fā)展和融合,催生了傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)。這種技術(shù)整合了環(huán)境觀測(cè)所需的感知、存儲(chǔ)、通訊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、計(jì)算等等資源,可以大大提高空間信息的發(fā)現(xiàn)、獲取和處理的自動(dòng)化水平,從而提高環(huán)境觀測(cè)的效率。在過去的十多年中,傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)獲得了迅速地發(fā)展,在許多領(lǐng)域得到了研究和應(yīng)用。但是,如何將傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于森林環(huán)境觀測(cè),提高林火觀測(cè)的水平,仍然是個(gè)有待深入研究的課題。 在地學(xué)領(lǐng)域,傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)的研究和應(yīng)用大多以O(shè)GC發(fā)展的系列規(guī)范為基礎(chǔ)。OGC為了促進(jìn)地理信息的開放和互操作,發(fā)展了多個(gè)系列的服務(wù)規(guī)范,其中包括地學(xué)信息服務(wù)(OGC Web Service)系列規(guī)范和傳感網(wǎng)服務(wù)(Sensor Web Service)系列規(guī)范。這些服務(wù)規(guī)范均針對(duì)面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)(Service Oriented Architecture, SOA)設(shè)計(jì)。SOA架構(gòu)可以很好地整合現(xiàn)有的資源,使它們協(xié)同工作,但是本身最適合的的模式是請(qǐng)求-響應(yīng),這種模式缺乏反應(yīng)性。而環(huán)境觀測(cè)是個(gè)感知的過程,除了被動(dòng)的獲取環(huán)境信息以外,主動(dòng)地對(duì)環(huán)境變化作出反應(yīng)也很重要。為此,OGC試圖為系列服務(wù)規(guī)范引入事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的方法,以彌補(bǔ)這方面的不足。經(jīng)過十多年的努力,現(xiàn)有的研究成果已經(jīng)能夠支撐一些基于事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的觀測(cè)應(yīng)用。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外與之相關(guān)的應(yīng)用研究還比較少。論文從林火動(dòng)態(tài)化觀測(cè)的需求出發(fā),研究在傳感網(wǎng)環(huán)境下使用事件驅(qū)動(dòng)方法觀測(cè)林火所需的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。主要工作和研究成果如下： (1)針對(duì)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的林火觀測(cè)方法的需求,回顧和總結(jié)了林火觀測(cè)的基本原理和方法、OGC系列規(guī)范中與傳感網(wǎng)應(yīng)用有關(guān)的服務(wù)規(guī)范的研究和發(fā)展、事件驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的研究和發(fā)展、以及傳感網(wǎng)中對(duì)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的研究和發(fā)展,指出了在傳感網(wǎng)環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)應(yīng)用的基本思路。 (2)林火觀測(cè)事件的分層、分類和建模方法。它們是事件驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)。事件存在多種層次,但是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪姓務(wù)摰氖录o明確的層次區(qū)分。而事件處理中這種區(qū)分是必要的,因?yàn)椴煌瑢哟蔚氖录幚矸椒ǹ赡軙?huì)不一樣。分析了觀測(cè)與環(huán)境之間的層次關(guān)系,給出了觀測(cè)事件的三種抽象層次。以一種林火預(yù)測(cè)模型為基礎(chǔ),研究了林火觀測(cè)過程中的事件,并對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了分類。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了觀測(cè)事件的概念模型。 (3)林火觀測(cè)事件的處理方法。事件處理是事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵。論文主要研究了觀測(cè)事件處理中的幾項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),包括觀測(cè)事件的組織、觀測(cè)事件的過濾、復(fù)雜觀測(cè)事件的處理和觀測(cè)事件處理流程的建模。分析了傳感網(wǎng)系列規(guī)范中對(duì)這些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的支持。然后以一種林火預(yù)測(cè)模型為基礎(chǔ),研究了前三種技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。最后采用有限狀態(tài)機(jī)對(duì)觀測(cè)事件處理流程進(jìn)行了建模。 (4)適用于林火觀測(cè)的事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)。事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)是設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ),大致包含四個(gè)部分：事件產(chǎn)生、事件通道、事件處理和事件消費(fèi)。論文針對(duì)林火觀測(cè)的需要,分析了這四部分中必需的構(gòu)件。然后在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建并詳細(xì)分析了觀測(cè)事件的處理流程。接著,以該流程和現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)設(shè)施為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計(jì)了觀測(cè)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的概念框架。最后,以概念框架為基礎(chǔ),采用傳感網(wǎng)相關(guān)技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)了一種適用于林火觀測(cè)的事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)。 (5)觀測(cè)事件和事件模式的編碼�；谟^測(cè)與測(cè)量(Observations and Measurements, OM)規(guī)范對(duì)觀測(cè)信息進(jìn)行編碼和基于事件模式描述語言(Event Pattern Markup Language, EML)對(duì)事件模式進(jìn)行編碼是傳感網(wǎng)技術(shù)的研究熱點(diǎn)和遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)。論文采用現(xiàn)有的OM規(guī)范對(duì)觀測(cè)事件進(jìn)行編碼,采用EML規(guī)范對(duì)事件模式進(jìn)行編碼,并使二者配合完成了事件過濾。 (6)針對(duì)一種林火預(yù)測(cè)方案,建立了仿真的林火觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),驗(yàn)證了論文提出的模型和方法的可行性。實(shí)驗(yàn)根據(jù)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)劃分為四個(gè)階段,每個(gè)階段分別測(cè)試了一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。此外,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)中各模塊協(xié)同工作的時(shí)序圖說明了事件驅(qū)動(dòng)架構(gòu)的運(yùn)行過程。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the most frequent and most common hazards to public safety and social development. A large number of forest fires occur every year in the world, causing serious damage to the ecological environment and causing huge losses to the people's lives and property. In order to reduce the loss caused by fire as much as possible, it has always been an important research subject of human concern. The traditional observation is mainly based on artificial and semi automated means, the process of observation is more complicated and the efficiency of information processing is low, which is not conducive to the timely discovery of fire insurance information. With the development of earth observation technology, more and more empty, sky, ground Sensors have joined the ranks of environmental observations so that human beings can get the information of the forest environment faster. The rapid development and integration of computers, communications, microelectronics and other fields, which have been developed from the end of the last century, have produced the sensing network technology. This technology integrates the sense of the environment, the storage, the communication, the network, the computing and so on. In the past more than 10 years, sensing network technology has developed rapidly in the past more than 10 years, and has been studied and applied in many fields. However, how to apply sensor network technology to forest environment observation and improve the level of forest fire observation is still to be improved. It is a subject to be studied in depth.
In the field of Geoscience, the research and application of sensor network technology is mostly based on the series of specifications developed by OGC. In order to promote the opening and interoperation of geographic information,.OGC has developed a number of series of service specifications, including the OGC Web Service series specification and the Sensor Web Service (Sensor Web Service) series specification. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design.SOA architecture can integrate existing resources well and work together, but the most suitable mode is request response, which is lack of reactivity. Environmental observation is a perceptual process, in addition to passive access to environmental information. In addition, it is important to actively respond to environmental changes. To this end, OGC attempts to introduce event driven approaches to a series of service specifications to make up for this problem. After more than 10 years of effort, the existing research results have been able to support event driven observation applications. From the demand of dynamic observation of forest fire, the paper studies the key technologies needed to observe forest fire using event driven method in sensing network environment. The main work and research results are as follows:
(1) in view of the demand of event driven forest fire observation method, the basic principles and methods of forest fire observation are reviewed and summarized, the research and development of service specification related to sensor network application in OGC series specifications, the research and development of event driven technology, and the research and development of event driven technology in the sensor network are also pointed out in the sensor network. The basic idea of realizing event driven application in the environment.
(2) the stratification, classification and modeling methods of forest fire observation events. They are the basis of the design of event driven technology applications. There are various levels of events, but there is no clear level of distinction between events in daily life. And this distinction is necessary in event processing, because different levels of event handling may be different. The hierarchical relationship between observation and environment is analyzed. Three kinds of abstract levels of observation events are given. Based on a forest fire prediction model, the events in the process of forest fire observation are studied and classified. On the basis of this, the conceptual model of observation events is established.
(3) the processing method of forest fire observation events. Event processing is the key to event driven. This paper mainly studies several key technologies in the observation event processing, including the organization of observation events, the filtering of observation events, the processing of complex observation events and the modeling of the process of observation event processing. The key technology is supported. Then, based on a forest fire prediction model, the realization methods of the first three technologies are studied. Finally, the finite state machine is used to model the process of observation event processing.
(4) event driven architecture for forest fire observation. Event driven architecture is the basis for the design and implementation of event driven applications. It contains roughly four parts: event generation, event channel, event handling and event consumption. The paper analyzes the necessary components in the four parts for the needs of forest fire observation. The process of observation event processing is analyzed. Then, based on the process and existing data service facilities, the conceptual framework of observation event driven is designed. Finally, based on the conceptual framework, a sensor network related technology is used to design an event driven architecture suitable for forest fire observation.
(5) coding of observational events and event patterns. Coding based on observation and measurement (Observations and Measurements, OM) specification and event mode description language (Event Pattern Markup Language, EML) is the research hotspot and Prospect of sensor network technology. The existing OM is used in this paper. Code is used to encode the observation events, and the EML code is used to encode the event patterns, and the two parties cooperate to complete the event filtering.
(6) in view of a forest fire prediction scheme, a simulated forest fire observation experiment platform is set up to verify the feasibility of the model and method proposed in this paper. The experiment is divided into four stages according to the event driven architecture, and some key technologies are tested at each stage. Furthermore, the time series diagram of the coordination work of each module in the testing platform is illustrated. The running process of the event driven architecture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S762;P208

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