本文選題：浮動車數(shù)據(jù) + 海量��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：道路交通信息的全面、準(zhǔn)確、快速獲取是城市交通管理、交通規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ),對緩解大城市交通擁堵,提供有效的大眾出行指導(dǎo)具有重要的意義。浮動車是一種安裝有全球定位設(shè)備并通過無線通訊系統(tǒng)將車輛狀態(tài)和信息發(fā)送出的車輛,浮動車數(shù)據(jù)能及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的反映車輛所行駛道路的交通狀況,是全面、快速獲取道路交通信息的重要途徑。本文以武漢市中上萬輛出租車為載體的低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)為研究對象,以準(zhǔn)確、快速浮動車數(shù)據(jù)道路匹配和路段行程時(shí)間準(zhǔn)確估算為目標(biāo),對大城市環(huán)境下海量低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的處理進(jìn)行了討論和研究,并通過真實(shí)、海量的浮動車數(shù)據(jù)和城市路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)對研究的成果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。本文的主要的研究工作包括以下四個(gè)方面： 1、海量低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的分析與預(yù)處理。對武漢市一萬二千多輛出租車獲取的浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的格式、瞬時(shí)速度及航向、不同時(shí)段的數(shù)據(jù)量、采樣時(shí)間間隔以及載客狀態(tài)相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)和信息進(jìn)行了分析。對于導(dǎo)航道路地圖加密產(chǎn)生道路偏移的問題提出了一種道路地圖柵格化的道路坐數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)系與浮動車數(shù)據(jù)坐標(biāo)系的標(biāo)定方法,提高了二種坐標(biāo)系之間標(biāo)定的精度,為海量浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的有效處理奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 2、海量浮動車數(shù)據(jù)快速道路初匹配算法的研究海量浮動車數(shù)據(jù)道路匹配的算法效率是影響此類數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用的重要因素。道路初匹配是根據(jù)匹配度計(jì)算將小于閾值的道路作為浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的候選匹配道路,由于一天的浮動車數(shù)據(jù)就有約一萬四千個(gè),并且道路的數(shù)量有二萬六千多條,算法的效率對浮動車處理的時(shí)間影響極大。本文首先對基于地圖格網(wǎng)化的浮動車數(shù)據(jù)道路匹配算法進(jìn)行了分析和討論,給出了一種面向計(jì)算效率的地圖格網(wǎng)劃分最佳參數(shù)；還提出了一種基于道路地圖柵格化的海量浮動車數(shù)據(jù)地圖初匹配的算法,使得海量浮動車數(shù)據(jù)完成道路初匹配計(jì)算的時(shí)間更短。 3、基于序列低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)路徑計(jì)算的研究首先研究了基于序列浮動車數(shù)據(jù)路徑計(jì)算中一次路徑計(jì)算選取浮動車數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)數(shù)量的問題,指出了在城市復(fù)雜路網(wǎng)條件下路徑計(jì)算點(diǎn)只有達(dá)到或超過3個(gè)才可能保障路徑重建正確,同時(shí)路徑計(jì)算點(diǎn)越多,重建結(jié)果可靠性越大,但計(jì)算的復(fù)雜度也越大。然后針對相關(guān)的浮動車數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定,載客狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化等情況進(jìn)行了研究,并對算法進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化改進(jìn),提高了計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。還研究了路徑算法中路徑搜索區(qū)域道路端點(diǎn)的甄選方法,的提高路徑計(jì)算效率的方法,減少了路徑計(jì)算的時(shí)間。 4、基于低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)路段行程時(shí)間估算的研究路段行程時(shí)間是道路交通中的一項(xiàng)最重要的參數(shù)。在分析已有利用低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行路段行程時(shí)間計(jì)算算法的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種基于道路交叉口下游路段浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的路段行程時(shí)間估算方法,在分析低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)在道路交叉口附近路段上的位置、速度信息,結(jié)合車輛在道路交叉口附近路段行駛的特點(diǎn),給出了一個(gè)車輛通過道路交叉口時(shí)刻的計(jì)算模型�；谶@個(gè)模型,在獲得道路交叉口下游路段上低頻浮動車數(shù)據(jù)的位置和速度信息后,能較準(zhǔn)確地計(jì)算出浮動車通過路口的時(shí)刻,通過對路段上下游二個(gè)路口浮動車通過時(shí)刻的計(jì)算,從而能較準(zhǔn)確地估算出路段的通行時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:The comprehensive, accurate and rapid access to road traffic information is the basis of urban traffic management and traffic planning. It is of great significance to alleviate traffic congestion in large cities and provide effective guidance for mass travel. The floating car is a vehicle installed with global positioning equipment and sent through the wireless communication system to send the vehicle status and information. The vehicle data can reflect the traffic condition of the road in time and accurately. It is an important way to obtain the road traffic information in an all-round way. This paper takes the data of the low frequency floating car as the research object, which is the carrier of the Wuhan city. The target is accurate, the data Road matching of the fast floating car and the accurate estimate of the road travel time are the target. The data processing of massive low frequency floating car in the large city environment is discussed and studied, and the results of the research are verified through the real, massive floating car data and urban road network data. The main research work of this paper includes the following four aspects:
1, analysis and preprocessing of the data of the mass low frequency floating car. The data and information of the floating car data obtained by more than 12000 taxis in Wuhan are analyzed, such as the data of the instantaneous speed and course, the amount of data in different periods, the interval of sampling time, and the data and information related to the state of the passengers. The problem puts forward a method to calibrate the road map grid and the data coordinate system of the floating car, which improves the accuracy of the calibration between the two coordinate systems, and lays the foundation for the effective processing of the data of the mass floating car.
2, the research on the algorithm for the initial matching of the mass floating vehicle data fast path matching algorithm is an important factor affecting the data application of the floating car. The initial road matching is the candidate matching path of the floating car data based on the matching degree calculation, which is less than the threshold, because the floating car data of one day is about one. There are all four thousand, and there are more than 26000 roads. The efficiency of the algorithm has a great influence on the time of the floating car. Firstly, the paper analyzes and discusses the data road matching algorithm based on the map grid, and gives the best parameter of the geo grid, which is oriented to the calculation efficiency. The initial matching algorithm of massive floating car data rasterization on road map rasterization makes the data of mass floating vehicle data shorter than that of road initial matching.
3, based on the study of the data path calculation of the sequence low frequency floating car, the problem of selecting the number of data points of the floating car based on the single path calculation in the data path calculation of the serial floating car is first studied. It is pointed out that only the path calculation point is only up to 3 or more in the complex road network conditions. The more calculation points, the greater the reliability of the reconstruction results, the greater the complexity of the calculation, and then research on the unstable data quality of the related floating car, the change of the passenger state and so on, and optimize the algorithm to improve the accuracy of the calculation results. The selection method and the method of improving the calculation efficiency of the path reduce the computation time of the path.
4, based on the estimation of the travel time of the data section of the low frequency floating vehicle, the travel time of the section is one of the most important parameters in the road traffic. On the basis of the analysis of the calculation algorithm of the link travel time of the low frequency floating car, a link trip based on the floating vehicle data of the lower section of the road intersection is proposed. In the analysis of the location of the low frequency floating car data near the road intersection, the velocity information and the characteristics of the vehicle running at the road intersection, the calculation model of a vehicle passing through the road intersection is given. Based on this model, a low frequency floating car on the lower section of the road intersection is obtained. After the location and speed information of the data, it can accurately calculate the time of the floating train passing through the intersection. Through the calculation of the passing time of the floating car at the two intersection of the upper and lower reaches of the section, the time of the section can be accurately estimated.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U495;P208

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