本文選題：長白山 + 垂直帶　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：地形是影響山地植被分布的主導因素，控制著小尺度下植被垂直帶的分布格局。對地形控制機制進行研究，有助于更好的解釋垂直帶空間分異規(guī)律，深入理解垂直帶形成演化機理。數(shù)據(jù)精度低、缺乏有效分析手段和人為干擾是造成垂直帶地形控制機制研究相對滯后的主要瓶頸。本文以受人為干擾少、自然植被保存相對完好的長白山北坡為研究區(qū)，選擇具有較高空間分辨率的遙感影像和數(shù)字高程模型作為基礎數(shù)據(jù)源，依托地理信息系統(tǒng)、遙感、地學信息圖譜等技術(shù)手段對小尺度下長白山植被垂直帶地形控制機制進行了深入探討。研究從山地植被垂直帶遙感提取技術(shù)入手，歸納垂直帶地形分異規(guī)律并進行可視化表達，建立數(shù)學模型定量揭示地形對垂直帶的作用機制并預估了長白山植被垂直帶對全球氣候變化的響應。研究得到的主要結(jié)論如下： （1）長白山北坡植被垂直帶在海拔方向上受水熱條件制約呈現(xiàn)明顯的更替過渡格局。在水平方向上，，垂直帶格局受小尺度因素影響具有高度異質(zhì)性。各帶的寬度、植被鑲嵌格局、界線類型不同。岳樺林帶最窄。暗針葉林帶最寬。岳樺林帶與暗針葉林帶之間的界線為突變型，其它界線為漸變型。各帶界線呈曲線狀沿山體坡向由西北向東北逐漸升高。沿水平方向上各帶的海拔高度、寬度和形狀均有不同程度的變化。樹線過渡帶變化最大。 （2）地形控制著小尺度下植被垂直帶在水平方向上的格局變化。不同的地形具有不同的植被組成。在同一海拔范圍內(nèi)，植被格局由地形分布格局和各地形的植被組成共同決定。 （3）地形通過對直接生態(tài)因子進行再分配而間接控制山地垂直帶的水平分布格局。垂直帶的水平格局是地形控制下主要生態(tài)因子共同作用的結(jié)果。坡度主要通過對太陽輻射和土壤水分進行再分配而影響垂直帶空間分布格局。坡向主要通過對土壤水分和積雪進行再分配而影響垂直帶空間分布格局。坡度和坡向組合在一起，在山體上部形成很多極端生境限制樹木向高海拔入侵。在長白山北坡高山帶，積雪不足或過多是最常見的極端環(huán)境。 （4）地形控制著垂直帶對全球氣候變化的響應。未來某一地形的植被組成比例由上移的垂直帶地形控制機制方程、變化后的生態(tài)因子和地形再分配作用共同決定。同一海拔不同地形的山地植被會對全球氣候變化作出不同響應。并非所有地形的森林百分比都隨溫度升高而增加。全球變暖能改善與低溫相關的極端環(huán)境，但也會對某些地形的樹木生長產(chǎn)生負作用甚至帶來新的極端環(huán)境限制。 （5）未來全球變暖0.5℃情景下，長白山北坡各海拔的植被組成將發(fā)生明顯變化，除苔原帶外各垂直帶均表現(xiàn)出上升趨勢，垂直帶譜整體向高海拔移動。除了暗針葉林帶面積將增加，其它各垂直帶面積均減小。紅松針闊混交林與暗針葉林過渡帶和樹線過渡帶海拔梯度變窄，面積減小。林線上移，樹種限不變。
[Abstract]:Topography is the leading factor affecting the distribution of mountain vegetation, controlling the distribution pattern of the vertical zone of vegetation under small scale. The study of the terrain control mechanism is helpful to better explain the law of vertical spatial differentiation and understand the formation and evolution mechanism of the vertical zone. The data accuracy is low, the lack of effective analysis means and human interference are vertical. The main bottleneck of relative lag is studied with terrain control mechanism. In this paper, the north slope of Changbai Mountain, which has less human interference and relatively intact natural vegetation, is selected as the research area. The remote sensing image and digital elevation model with high spatial resolution are selected as the basic data sources, and the technical hands of geographic information system, remote sensing and geoscience information atlas are supported. The control mechanism of the vertical belt topographic control of Changbai Mountain vegetation in the small scale is discussed in this section. From the remote sensing extraction technology of the vertical belt of the mountain vegetation, the regularity of the vertical zone is summed up and the visual expression is summed up. The mathematical model is established to quantitatively reveal the mechanism of the terrain to the vertical zone and to predict the vertical belt of the vegetation in Changbai Mountain. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:
(1) the vertical belt of the north slope of the northern slope of Changbai Mountain is obviously changed by the water and heat conditions in the direction of altitude. In the horizontal direction, the vertical pattern is highly heterogeneous by the influence of small scale factors. The width of the belt, the pattern of vegetation mosaic, the type of boundary are different. The narrowest of the birch forest belt. The dark coniferous forest belt is the most wide. The boundary between the coniferous forest belts is a mutant, and the other boundary lines are gradually changing. The boundary lines are curved along the slope of the mountain to the north-east gradually. The elevation, width and shape of each belt along the horizontal direction have varying degrees of change. The transition zone of the tree line has the greatest change.
(2) the topography controls the pattern change in the horizontal direction of the vegetation vertical zone under the small scale. The different terrain has different vegetation composition. In the same altitude, the vegetation pattern is determined by the distribution pattern of topographic distribution and the vegetation composition of each terrain.
(3) the horizontal distribution pattern of the vertical belt is controlled indirectly by the redistribution of the direct ecological factors in the terrain. The horizontal pattern of the vertical zone is the result of the common effect of the main ecological factors under the control of terrain. The slope mainly affects the vertical spatial distribution pattern by redistributing the solar radiation and soil moisture. The slope direction is main. Through the redistribution of soil moisture and snow, the spatial distribution pattern of the vertical zone is affected. The slope and slope combination, forming a lot of extreme habitats on the upper part of the mountain, restrict the invasion of trees to high altitude. In the alpine zone on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, the lack of snow or too much is the most common extreme end environment.
(4) the terrain controls the response of the vertical belt to the global climate change. The proportion of the vegetation composition of a certain terrain is determined by the upper moving vertical belt topographic control mechanism equation, the changing ecological factor and the redistribution of the terrain. The mountain vegetation at the same altitude and different terrain will make different responses to global climate change. The percentage of forests in the terrain increases as the temperature rises. Global warming can improve the extreme environment associated with low temperature, but it can also produce negative effects on the growth of trees in some terrain and even bring new extreme environmental restrictions.
(5) under the situation of global warming at 0.5, the vegetation composition of the northern slope of Changbai Mountain will change obviously. All vertical belts except the tundra belt all show a rising trend. The vertical band is moving to the high altitude. Except the area of the dark needle Ye Lin belt, the area of the other vertical belts will be reduced. The mixed forest of Pinus koraiensis and the dark needle Ye Lin The transition belt and tree line transition zone narrowed with altitude gradient, and the area decreased.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q948.3;P208

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