本文選題：青藏鐵路 + 地理信息技術(shù)��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：拉薩至日喀則段鐵路作為青藏鐵路的首條延伸線，具有重要的工程意義，且目前工程尚未完工，相關(guān)研究偏少，針對其所做的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評估的意義具有重要的實用價值。此外，相比點上的工作，利用GIS所做的宏觀面上的工作，對鐵路的選線規(guī)劃（避開高危險區(qū)域）、后期的鐵路工程維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)（對潛在災(zāi)害點防治）都有尤為重要的作用。本文在前期對拉薩至日喀則鐵路的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上，充分收集研究區(qū)地質(zhì)、環(huán)境、遙感影像等背景資料，以層次分析法和GIS技術(shù)為主要依托，對研究區(qū)進(jìn)行危險性評價與預(yù)測。 （1）對前期野外考察成果整理（分析實驗數(shù)據(jù)，整理現(xiàn)場照片等），提取有用信息，并結(jié)合已有資料數(shù)據(jù)信息以及前人的研究成果，總結(jié)出研究區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境背景及地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育特征，統(tǒng)計出崩塌、滑坡、泥石流的空間發(fā)育情況。 （2）建立研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價體系，首先確立危險性評價指標(biāo)因子，主要選取了八個評價因子，分別是地形地貌、工程地質(zhì)巖組、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育程度、地殼穩(wěn)定性、微地貌單元、人類工程活動、降水量及鐵路距河流溝谷的距離。分別對各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行空間量化。 （3）采用層次分析法建模，依托GIS技術(shù)進(jìn)行地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性的評價與預(yù)測，其中重點介紹了層次分析法的一般原理和建模步驟，針對拉薩至日喀則鐵路特有的地質(zhì)環(huán)境情況，采取專家評分構(gòu)造比較矩陣，進(jìn)而求取個評價因子的權(quán)重系數(shù)，確定各個評價因子的重要程度。利用Arcgis軟件強大的空間數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理功能，對各個評價因子進(jìn)行柵格計算，，將研究區(qū)劃分為30×30m的單元格，將每一個單元格作為一個獨立因子進(jìn)行疊加計算，最終得出矩形重點研究區(qū)及鐵路緩沖區(qū)的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性分區(qū)圖。 （4）通過對所得分區(qū)圖進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，得出相應(yīng)的防治區(qū)劃建議，為工程建設(shè)的下一步籌劃提供參考。此外，通過本文的研究，對鐵路建設(shè)工程有重大影響的不良地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型，有了更進(jìn)一步的明細(xì)和很大程度上的預(yù)見性，突出重點地進(jìn)行防護(hù)與整治，將有效地提高工程效率，從而更好地完成全面建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型社會的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:As the first extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the railway from Lhasa to Xigaze section has important engineering significance, and the project has not been completed at present, and the related research is on the low side, so it is of great practical value to assess the risk of geological hazards made by Lhasa to Xigaze Railway. In addition, compared with the work on the point, the macroscopic work done by GIS plays a very important role in railway line selection planning (avoiding the high risk area), and in the later stage of railway engineering maintenance (prevention and cure of potential disaster point). On the basis of field investigation of Lhasa to Xigaze railway, this paper collects the background data of geology, environment and remote sensing image of the study area. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS technology, the risk assessment and prediction of the study area is carried out. (1) sorting out the early field survey results (analyzing experimental data, arranging field photos, etc.), extracting useful information, and combining the existing data and data information, as well as the previous research results, The geological environment background and geological hazard development characteristics in the study area are summarized, and the spatial development of collapse, landslide and debris flow is calculated. (2) establishing a risk assessment system for geological hazards in the study area. Firstly, the risk assessment index factors are established, and eight evaluation factors are selected, namely, topography and geomorphology, engineering geological rock formation, degree of geological hazard development, crustal stability, etc. Microgeomorphology units, human engineering activities, precipitation, and railway distances from rivers and valleys. The spatial quantization of each index is carried out respectively. (3) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to model the geological hazard assessment and prediction based on GIS technology. The general principle and modeling steps of AHP are emphatically introduced, aiming at the unique geological environment of Lhasa to Xigaze railway. The comparison matrix is constructed by expert score, and the weight coefficient of an evaluation factor is obtained, and the importance of each evaluation factor is determined. Using the powerful spatial data analysis and processing function of Arcgis software, the grid calculation of each evaluation factor is carried out. The study area is divided into 30 脳 30 m cells, and each cell is superimposed as an independent factor. Finally, the geological hazard zoning map of rectangular study area and railway buffer zone is obtained. 4) through the analysis of the data of the zoning map, the corresponding suggestions of prevention and control zoning are obtained, which can provide a reference for the next step planning of the project construction. In addition, through the research in this paper, the types of unfavorable geological disasters which have great influence on railway construction projects have further details and a great degree of predictability. It will effectively improve the engineering efficiency by focusing on the protection and treatment of the key points. In order to better complete the overall construction of resources-saving society development goals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208;U212.22

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