本文選題：環(huán)境災(zāi)害 + 管理��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展、城市化快速推進(jìn)和氣候環(huán)境變化,我國(guó)各類環(huán)境災(zāi)害事件,如地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、洪澇旱災(zāi)、環(huán)境污染災(zāi)害和生態(tài)破壞災(zāi)害等頻繁發(fā)生,造成了巨大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,嚴(yán)重危害人民生命安全、制約經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前,我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)對(duì)環(huán)境災(zāi)害的管理還處于較低水平,沒(méi)有形成災(zāi)前評(píng)價(jià)、災(zāi)時(shí)應(yīng)急的管理體系。因此,建立集成環(huán)境災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理、評(píng)價(jià)及應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的綜合系統(tǒng)十分必要。 本研究以Microsoft.NET為開發(fā)平臺(tái),應(yīng)用最新的ArcGIS Server10.0作為WebGIS平臺(tái),采用性能優(yōu)越、安全可靠的Microsoft SQL Server2008作為后臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),同時(shí)結(jié)合Microsoft ASP和Microsoft Silverlight兩項(xiàng)Web呈現(xiàn)技術(shù),開發(fā)了基于WebGIS的環(huán)境災(zāi)害管理、評(píng)價(jià)及應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)(EDMAERS),并應(yīng)用于環(huán)境災(zāi)害綜合管理、評(píng)價(jià)和應(yīng)急響應(yīng)實(shí)例。具體地：(1)建立了環(huán)境災(zāi)害基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)管理子系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)和空間數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一管理和互操作；(2)開發(fā)了基于模糊多判據(jù)和Choquet積分的環(huán)境災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)方法,建立了環(huán)境災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)子系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了環(huán)境災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的自動(dòng)化運(yùn)算和可視化輸出,能為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)規(guī)劃和政策制定提供決策支持；(3)建立了環(huán)境災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理子系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)緩沖分析和查詢、最短路徑分析和鄰近設(shè)施分析等強(qiáng)大的空間分析功能,并以生動(dòng)直觀的符號(hào)化表達(dá),豐富了用戶的媒體體驗(yàn)；(4)實(shí)現(xiàn)在環(huán)境災(zāi)害應(yīng)急時(shí),快速定位環(huán)境災(zāi)害地點(diǎn)、確定災(zāi)害的影響范圍和受災(zāi)人群、最優(yōu)分配應(yīng)急專家和設(shè)備、自動(dòng)或半自動(dòng)化生成應(yīng)急預(yù)案；(5)將系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于湖北省興山縣的洪水災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)和環(huán)境污染災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理,取得良好系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行結(jié)果,有效驗(yàn)證了所開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)功能。 通過(guò)本研究建立集成環(huán)境災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)及應(yīng)急處置的綜合系統(tǒng),彌補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的不足,實(shí)現(xiàn)了環(huán)境災(zāi)害綜合管理的自動(dòng)化、一體化,為災(zāi)前的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)規(guī)劃和災(zāi)時(shí)的應(yīng)急處置提供了有力的決策支持平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the rapid development of urbanization and the change of climate and environment, all kinds of environmental disasters, such as geological disasters, floods and droughts, environmental pollution disasters and ecological damage disasters, occur frequently in China.It causes huge casualties and economic losses, seriously endangers the safety of people's lives and restricts the sustainable development of economy.At present, the management of environmental disasters in most areas of China is still at a low level, and there is no management system for pre-disaster assessment and emergency response.Therefore, it is necessary to establish an integrated environmental disaster database management, evaluation and emergency response system.This research takes Microsoft.NET as the development platform, uses the newest ArcGIS Server10.0 as the WebGIS platform, adopts the superior performance, the safe and reliable Microsoft SQL Server2008 as the backstage database, at the same time unifies the Microsoft ASP and the Microsoft Silverlight two Web presentation technology,An environmental disaster management, evaluation and emergency response system based on WebGIS is developed and applied to the integrated management, evaluation and emergency response of environmental disasters.(1) the basic data management subsystem of environmental disasters is established, and the unified management and interoperation of relational and spatial data are realized.) the method of environmental disaster risk assessment based on fuzzy multi-criteria and Choquet integral is developed.An environmental disaster risk assessment subsystem is established, which realizes the automatic operation and visual output of environmental disaster risk, and can provide decision support for disaster prevention and mitigation planning and policy making.Realizing the powerful spatial analysis functions such as buffer analysis and query, shortest path analysis and proximity facility analysis, and using vivid and intuitive symbolic expression to enrich the media experience of users.To quickly locate the location of environmental disasters, determine the scope of the impact of the disasters and the affected population, and optimize the allocation of emergency experts and equipment,The system is applied to flood disaster risk assessment and environmental pollution disaster emergency management in Xingshan County, Hubei Province. Good system operation results are obtained, and the functions of the developed system are validated effectively.Through this study, a comprehensive system of integrated environmental disaster database management, risk assessment and emergency management is established, which makes up for the deficiencies of related research at home and abroad, and realizes the automation and integration of integrated environmental disaster management.It provides a powerful decision support platform for disaster prevention and mitigation planning and emergency response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;X32

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