本文選題：空間碎片 + 衛(wèi)星激光測(cè)距��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(云南天文臺(tái))》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：衛(wèi)星激光測(cè)距技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)具有重大應(yīng)用潛力的天文地球動(dòng)力學(xué)測(cè)量技術(shù),經(jīng)多年的發(fā)展該技術(shù)已日益成熟,其測(cè)程可達(dá)36000 km,測(cè)量精度達(dá)亞cm量級(jí)。近年來(lái),由于人類太空探索活動(dòng)的增加,導(dǎo)致寶貴且有限的空間資源被大量的空間碎片所占據(jù),為確保航天活動(dòng)的正常開(kāi)展,空間碎片監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)警受到各國(guó)的廣泛重視。將漫反射激光測(cè)距技術(shù)應(yīng)用到碎片測(cè)量中,不僅能夠提高空間碎片定軌精度,而且還可以為其他監(jiān)測(cè)手段提供標(biāo)校,對(duì)空間碎片監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)警等研究具有重大意義。測(cè)量精度和測(cè)距能力是衡量漫反射激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)極其重要的兩個(gè)指標(biāo),本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容圍繞著這兩個(gè)方面而展開(kāi)。在測(cè)距精度研究方面,作者獨(dú)自完成以下工作:?對(duì)漫反射激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中的誤差來(lái)源進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,得出影響漫反射激光測(cè)距精度的主要誤差來(lái)源;?基于單光子探測(cè)理論推導(dǎo)出激光脈沖寬度、回波強(qiáng)度與測(cè)距精度的關(guān)系表達(dá)式;在提高系統(tǒng)測(cè)距能力方面,本論文完成的具有創(chuàng)新性的工作如下:?綜合考慮望遠(yuǎn)鏡跟蹤精度和大氣湍流造成的光束抖動(dòng)對(duì)激光測(cè)距的影響,提出測(cè)距方程中應(yīng)考慮兩種因素的綜合作用,在此基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)出新的測(cè)距方程;?基于蓋格模式APD陣列探測(cè)器的工作原理及特點(diǎn),建立了蓋格模式APD陣列的測(cè)距系統(tǒng)探測(cè)概率模型,得出陣列APD更適用于激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng);?根據(jù)超導(dǎo)探測(cè)器的性能特點(diǎn),獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)了超導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)射和接收系統(tǒng),將該系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于超導(dǎo)探測(cè)器實(shí)驗(yàn)中,成功獲得了1064nm空間目標(biāo)的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),為國(guó)內(nèi)外首創(chuàng)。本論文研究的成果及意義在于:1.通過(guò)對(duì)漫反射激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)精度的研究,得出影響漫反射激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)精度的主要誤差來(lái)源;2.在理論上推導(dǎo)出新的激光測(cè)距方程,為測(cè)距系統(tǒng)性能的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù);3.建立了陣列探測(cè)器的測(cè)距模型,為陣列探測(cè)器在測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用提供了理論支持;4.通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了一類探測(cè)器應(yīng)用在測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中的可行性,在實(shí)驗(yàn)中積累了相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn),為今后超導(dǎo)陣列探測(cè)器在測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用提供技術(shù)支持和保障;5.本論文的研究為漫反射激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的工程化應(yīng)用奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Satellite laser ranging technology is an astronomical geodynamic measurement technology with great application potential. After many years of development, the technology has become more and more mature, its measuring range can reach 36000 km, and the measurement accuracy can reach sub-cm order of magnitude.In recent years, due to the increase of human space exploration activities, precious and limited space resources are occupied by a large number of space debris. In order to ensure the normal development of space activities, space debris monitoring and early warning have received extensive attention.The application of diffuse reflection laser ranging technology to debris measurement can not only improve the orbit determination accuracy of space debris, but also provide calibration for other monitoring means. It is of great significance for the research of space debris monitoring and early warning.Measurement accuracy and ranging capability are two very important indexes to measure diffuse reflection laser ranging system, and the research contents of this paper focus on these two aspects.In the research of ranging accuracy, the author has done the following work alone:?The error sources of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are analyzed in detail, and the main error sources that affect the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are obtained.Based on the theory of single photon detection, the relationship between laser pulse width, echo intensity and ranging accuracy is derived. In order to improve the ranging capability of the system, the innovative work accomplished in this paper is as follows:?Considering the influence of the tracking accuracy of telescope and the beam jitter caused by atmospheric turbulence on laser ranging, this paper puts forward that the comprehensive action of two factors should be considered in the ranging equation. On this basis, a new ranging equation is deduced.Based on the working principle and characteristics of the Gage mode APD array detector, the probabilistic model of the ranging system of the Gage mode APD array is established, and the conclusion is drawn that the array APD is more suitable for the laser ranging system?According to the characteristics of the superconducting detector, the transmitting and receiving system of the superconducting experiment is designed independently. The system is applied to the experiment of the superconducting detector, and the measured data of the 1064nm space target are obtained successfully, which is the first at home and abroad.The research achievement and significance of this thesis lies in 1: 1.By studying the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system, the main error source of diffuse reflection laser ranging system is obtained.A new equation of laser ranging is derived theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of ranging system.The ranging model of array detector is established, which provides theoretical support for the application of array detector in ranging system.The feasibility of the application of a class of detectors in the ranging system is verified by experiments, and the relevant experience is accumulated in the experiment, which provides technical support and guarantee for the application of superconducting array detectors in the ranging system in the future.The research in this paper lays a foundation for the engineering application of diffuse reflection laser ranging system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(云南天文臺(tái))
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P228.5

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