發(fā)布時間：2018-03-26 22:04

  本文選題：熱圖　切入點(diǎn)：空間約束條件　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅猛發(fā)展為地理信息技術(shù)發(fā)展揭開了新的篇章，也促進(jìn)了空間信息資源的極大豐富。隨著技術(shù)手段的完善和信息資源的豐富，基于海量信息的空間態(tài)勢感知成為可能，與之相關(guān)的空間態(tài)勢計(jì)算與表達(dá)技術(shù)也逐漸成為研究熱點(diǎn)。隨著人們對于空間認(rèn)知的要求越來越強(qiáng)烈，為用戶提供有效地表達(dá)空間環(huán)境的工具成為地理信息發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。 熱圖是有效表達(dá)地理對象某一特征空間態(tài)勢分布的工具，能幫助用戶更好的認(rèn)知空間環(huán)境，在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、生活等許多領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是現(xiàn)有的熱圖分析方法主要考慮地理對象本身的特點(diǎn)而忽略了周圍環(huán)境的影響，這與實(shí)際情況存在一定差距。為此本文提出了帶有空間約束條件的熱圖計(jì)算方法，將空間環(huán)境對地理對象空間態(tài)勢分布的影響納入計(jì)算流程，以便能更有效的反映現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境。本文研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個方面: （1）在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的熱圖計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對影響力疊加法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，使其滿足帶約束條件的熱圖計(jì)算，主要改進(jìn)為：根據(jù)研究對象所處的環(huán)境的不同，考慮約束條件對其影響，為不同的地理對象賦予不同的影響力范圍，使計(jì)算結(jié)果更為準(zhǔn)確，，更能滿足現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用需求。 （2）提出了兩種帶約束條件熱圖計(jì)算模型：①首先對約束條件進(jìn)行緩沖區(qū)邊界計(jì)算，并且按與約束條件距離劃分成幾個不同等級；然后將落在不同等級內(nèi)的地理對象放在不同數(shù)據(jù)集內(nèi)，參與熱圖計(jì)算時落在同一等級內(nèi)的對象賦予相同的影響力范圍，不同范圍內(nèi)的按照比例由接近約束條件到遠(yuǎn)離約束條件呈遞減趨勢。②首先對某研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的研究對象進(jìn)行無約束條件的熱圖計(jì)算，生成熱圖；然后對約束條件進(jìn)行緩沖區(qū)計(jì)算；最后對生成熱圖進(jìn)行配準(zhǔn)，使其和空間約束條件采用相同的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)，利用約束條件對熱圖進(jìn)行裁剪。 （3）在對兩種模型進(jìn)行原型開發(fā)后，作者以北京市行政區(qū)內(nèi)居民小區(qū)空間分布格局和長城景區(qū)中重點(diǎn)景點(diǎn)及游客關(guān)注度沿景區(qū)道路分布熱圖為例開展了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。應(yīng)用表明本文提出的帶空間約束條件的熱圖計(jì)算方法能夠有效反應(yīng)地理對象的空間分布格局。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the Internet has opened a new chapter for the development of geographic information technology, and has also promoted the great richness of spatial information resources. With the improvement of technical means and the enrichment of information resources, spatial situational awareness based on massive information becomes possible. With the increasing demand for spatial cognition, providing users with effective tools to express spatial environment has become the goal of geographic information development. Thermal maps are effective tools to express the spatial situation distribution of a geographical object, which can help users to better understand the spatial environment, in the economy, in the culture, Many fields, such as life, have been widely used. However, the existing thermal map analysis methods mainly consider the characteristics of geographical objects and ignore the influence of the surrounding environment. In this paper, a method of heat map calculation with spatial constraints is proposed, and the influence of space environment on the spatial situation distribution of geographical objects is brought into the calculation process. In order to more effectively reflect the real environment. This paper mainly includes the following aspects:. 1) on the basis of summing up the existing heat map calculation methods at home and abroad, the influence superposition method is improved to satisfy the heat map calculation with constraint conditions. The main improvements are as follows: according to the different environment of the object of study, Considering the influence of constraint conditions, different geographical objects are given different influence areas, so that the calculation results are more accurate and can meet the needs of practical applications. 2) two kinds of thermal graph calculation models with constraint conditions: 1 are put forward. Firstly, buffer boundary of constraint conditions is calculated, and they are divided into several different grades according to the distance between constraint conditions and constraint conditions. The geographic objects that fall within different levels are then placed in different datasets, and objects falling within the same level when participating in the thermal map calculation are given the same range of influence. In different range, the ratio from close constraint condition to far constraint condition is decreasing. 2. First, the unconstrained heat map of the research object in a certain research area is calculated, then the heat map is generated, and then the buffer zone is calculated for the constraint condition. Finally, the generated heat map is registered, and the same coordinate system is used as the space constraint condition, and the thermal map is clipped by the constraint condition. After prototyping the two models, Taking the spatial distribution pattern of residential district in Beijing administrative district and the heat map of the key scenic spots and tourists' attention along the road distribution in the Great Wall scenic area as examples, the author has carried out experimental verification. The application shows that the proposed strip has spatial constraints. The calculation method of thermal map can reflect the spatial distribution of geographical objects effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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