本文選題：數(shù)字高程模型　切入點(diǎn)：合成孔徑雷達(dá)　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model),簡(jiǎn)稱DEM,是以高程為地形屬性,用一組有序數(shù)值陣列形式表示地面高程,用來描述地形表面形態(tài)屬性的數(shù)字表達(dá)模型,是數(shù)字地形模型(Digital Elevation Model,簡(jiǎn)稱DTM)的一個(gè)分支,其它各種地形特征值均可由此派生。因此,DEM在測(cè)繪、水文、氣象、地貌、地質(zhì)、土壤、工程建設(shè)等國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)防建設(shè)以及人文和自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量(InSAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry)是一種利用合成孔徑雷達(dá)獲取的相位信息為信息源,獲取地表三維信息及變化信息的一種對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)。它首先通過合成孔徑雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的兩幅天線同時(shí)觀測(cè)(單軌模式)或兩次平行觀測(cè)(重復(fù)軌道模式),獲取地面目標(biāo)區(qū)域的兩幅SAR圖像,然后對(duì)兩幅SAR影像進(jìn)行干涉處理得到干涉圖,最后利用復(fù)數(shù)影像像對(duì)成像時(shí)的幾何關(guān)系,將相位信息轉(zhuǎn)換為高程信息,即可獲得每一地面分辨單元的高程,進(jìn)而獲取地面目標(biāo)區(qū)域的數(shù)字高程模型。相對(duì)與傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量手段而言,InSAR技術(shù)在獲取大范圍DEM方面有著巨大的潛力。本文采用Sentinel-1A衛(wèi)星雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析,詳細(xì)探討了在InSAR技術(shù)獲取數(shù)字高程模型過程中的核心技術(shù)研究。論文以江川縣及星云湖周邊區(qū)域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域,以Sentinel-1衛(wèi)星獲取的數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,通過理論分析,數(shù)據(jù)處理,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析等,研究了通過InSAR技術(shù)獲取DEM的精度,分析了影響InSAR技術(shù)獲取DEM精度的原因,對(duì)InSAR技術(shù)獲取DEM的可行性進(jìn)行了研究。完成論文過程中所做的主要工作如下:(1)詳細(xì)了解了合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量的理論知識(shí),深入理解了合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)的原理。(2)在理解合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量原理的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了通過InSAR技術(shù)獲取數(shù)字高程模型的流程圖,并使用Sentinel-1A衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合輔助數(shù)據(jù)生成了研究區(qū)域的DEM。(3)在利用合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)生成DEM的過程中,詳細(xì)研究了主流的干涉圖濾波方法。以濾波后干涉影像的相干性為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),比較了不同濾波方法的適應(yīng)性。(4)詳細(xì)研究了幾種相位解纏算法,分別用不同的相位解纏方法處理了干涉影像,并對(duì)解纏相位影像進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,比對(duì)了不同相位解纏方法的適用性。(5)以高精度的GDEM數(shù)據(jù)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)生成的DEM數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了精度評(píng)價(jià)。(6)通過對(duì)合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型研究,找出了本次實(shí)驗(yàn)所提取DEM精度不高的原因,并提出了解決方法。
[Abstract]:Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital representation model that uses elevation as topographic attribute and uses a set of ordered numerical arrays to express ground elevation. It is used to describe the morphological properties of topographic surface. Is a branch of Digital terrain Model (DTMs), from which all other topographic characteristics can be derived. So Dem is in mapping, hydrology, meteorology, geomorphology, geology, soil, The national economy, national defense construction, humanities and natural sciences, such as engineering construction, are widely used in the field of synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry is a kind of information source, which uses the phase information obtained by synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Earth observation technique for obtaining 3D and variation information of the earth surface. First, it acquires the ground through two antennas of the synthetic Aperture Radar system simultaneously (monorail mode) or two parallel observations (repeat orbit mode). Two SAR images of the target area, Then the interferogram is obtained by interferometric processing of two SAR images. At last, the height of each ground resolution unit can be obtained by converting the phase information into elevation information by using the geometric relation of complex image pair imaging. Furthermore, the digital elevation model of the ground target area is obtained. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the DEM technology has great potential in obtaining large range of DEM. In this paper, the Sentinel-1A satellite radar data is used as the data source. The data processing and analysis are carried out, and the core technology in the process of obtaining digital elevation model by InSAR technology is discussed in detail. The paper takes Jiangchuan County and the surrounding area of Xingyun Lake as the research area, and takes the data obtained by Sentinel-1 satellite as the data source. Through theoretical analysis, data processing, experimental results and analysis, the accuracy of obtaining DEM by InSAR technology is studied, and the reasons that affect the accuracy of DEM by InSAR technology are analyzed. The feasibility of obtaining DEM by InSAR technology is studied. The main work in the process of completing the thesis is as follows: 1) the theoretical knowledge of SAR interferometry is understood in detail. On the basis of understanding the principle of synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry, the flow chart of acquiring digital elevation model by InSAR technology is given, and the Sentinel-1A satellite data is used. In the process of using SAR interferometry to generate DEM, the mainstream interferogram filtering method is studied in detail. The coherence of filtered interference image is taken as the standard. The adaptability of different filtering methods is compared. Several phase unwrapping algorithms are studied in detail. The interference images are treated with different phase unwrapping methods, and the unwrapping phase images are analyzed statistically. The applicability of different phase unwrapping methods is compared. (5) based on the high precision GDEM data, the accuracy of the experimental DEM data is evaluated. 6) the mathematical model of synthetic aperture radar interferometry is studied. The reason for the low precision of DEM extraction in this experiment was found out, and the solution was put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P237

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