本文選題：DMSP/OLS　切入點(diǎn)：夜間燈光　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地理國(guó)情監(jiān)測(cè)是中國(guó)重要的基本國(guó)情,城市擴(kuò)張研究和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程是它的重要體現(xiàn)。全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的城鎮(zhèn)化步伐的加快,使得內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)化也在不斷的推進(jìn),隨著“3S”集成技術(shù)在城市遙感中的應(yīng)用,越來越多的遙感手段開始應(yīng)用到城市的發(fā)展和擴(kuò)張分析中�，F(xiàn)階段的遙感已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)從地面到空間,從地理信息的數(shù)據(jù)收集、處理到拓?fù)浏B加的分析與應(yīng)用,成為獲取資源環(huán)境信息與城市基礎(chǔ)地理信息的重要手段。美國(guó)軍事氣象衛(wèi)星(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program,DMSP)搭載的傳感器(Operational Line-Scan System,OLS)獲取的夜間燈光影像就是運(yùn)用遙感手段獲得的對(duì)全球的夜間燈光變化情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)。夜間的城市建成區(qū)燈光具有高亮度的特點(diǎn),通過燈光灰度值(DN值)從0-63的變化可以進(jìn)行建成區(qū)面積的提取,在面積提取的同時(shí)可以過濾掉鄉(xiāng)村等干擾像元的干擾,對(duì)于城市的擴(kuò)張分析研究起到事半功倍的作用。本研究通過獲取1992-2013年22年的全球的DMSP/OLS夜間燈光影像數(shù)據(jù),利用有理函數(shù)模型對(duì)夜間燈光影像數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行年際校正和年間校正;以內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)作為研究區(qū),創(chuàng)新性的提出了最優(yōu)閾值的選取方法:利用動(dòng)態(tài)二分閾值法結(jié)合支持向量機(jī)(Support Vector Machine,SVM)分類算法進(jìn)行歷年建成區(qū)面積的提取;并進(jìn)行空間疊加分析,繪制1992-2013年間的年代系列疊加圖以及典型經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)城市市區(qū)建成區(qū)重心遷移角度和遷移距離圖;最后分析影響城市擴(kuò)張的驅(qū)動(dòng)因子,得到如下結(jié)論:(1)通過概率統(tǒng)計(jì)和有理函數(shù)模型擬合計(jì)算校正參數(shù),驗(yàn)證了《基于穩(wěn)定映射點(diǎn)夜間燈光影像間相互輻射校正方法》對(duì)DMSP/OLS夜間燈光影像數(shù)據(jù)的高精度、快速和高效的校正。(2)針對(duì)蒙古高原地區(qū)夜間燈光亮暗的特點(diǎn),創(chuàng)新出應(yīng)用動(dòng)態(tài)二分閾值法與支持向量機(jī)(SVM)分類算法相結(jié)合的方法來確定最優(yōu)閾值;這兩種方法結(jié)合使用能夠快速、高精度的提取出內(nèi)蒙古各個(gè)城市的建成區(qū)面積圖斑。(3)通過對(duì)1992-2013年間城市的建成區(qū)形態(tài)變化進(jìn)行疊加分析,結(jié)合城市自然條件和政策因素對(duì)典型經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)市區(qū)建成區(qū)擴(kuò)張進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明:內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)12個(gè)盟市的建成區(qū)隨著近年來政策的扶持和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都出現(xiàn)了不同程度的擴(kuò)張趨勢(shì);其中呼和浩特市市區(qū)在1996年后主要擴(kuò)張方向?yàn)闁|南26.35°方向,1996-2008年重心的直接遷移距離22941m;包頭市在2008年以后主要向東南48.47°方向發(fā)展擴(kuò)張,重心直接遷移距離13888m;鄂爾多斯市呈“兩城型”的模式擴(kuò)張,2004-2013年市區(qū)建成區(qū)重心向西南方向105.53°的方向遷移了26788m。(4)由于內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)盟市間擴(kuò)張的不同步,通過對(duì)4個(gè)影響因子的相關(guān)分析和線性回歸分析,尋找影響內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)全區(qū)盟市擴(kuò)張的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因子。其中單個(gè)影響因子做出最大貢獻(xiàn)的是電力消費(fèi)量;通過組合多元線性回歸分析,總結(jié)出總?cè)丝跀?shù)作為增強(qiáng)因子與電力消費(fèi)量組合成為所有組合中對(duì)夜間燈光明暗變化影響最大的驅(qū)動(dòng)因子。同時(shí),以政府為主導(dǎo)的政策因子在城市的發(fā)展、擴(kuò)張中起到了很大程度的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:Geographic conditions monitoring is an important basic national conditions Chinese, city expansion research and the process of urbanization is an important manifestation of it. The pace of urbanization nationwide accelerated, making the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region urbanization is constantly advancing, with the application of "3S" integrated technology in remote sensing in the city, began the development of remote sensing means more and more with the expansion of city. The analysis is applied to the remote sensing stage has formed a from the ground to space, collected from geographic information data processing, analysis and application of topological overlay, has become an important means of access to information and resources and environment of city basic geographic information. The United States military meteorological satellite (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. DMSP (Operational Line-Scan) equipped with sensors System, OLS) to obtain the nighttime light image is obtained using remote sensing technology to the global light at night The expression changes of the results of the monitoring data. The characteristics of night lighting city with high brightness, with light gray value (DN value) from 0-63 changes can be built extraction area, can filter off interference interference pixels at the same time the rural area extraction, for the expansion of the city to study multiplier effect. This study gets 1992-2013 years through 22 years of global DMSP/OLS nighttime light image data on the nighttime light image data correction and correction between interannual using rational function model; taking the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the study area, the paper proposed a method to select the optimal threshold by two points: dynamic threshold method combined with support vector machine (Support Vector Machine, SVM) classification algorithm built over the extraction area; and spatial overlay analysis, drawing 1992-2013 years years Generation series superposition map and typical economic zone city urban migration angle and migration area centroid distance map; finally analyzes the driving factors affecting the city's expansion, we get the following conclusions: (1) through probability statistics and rational function model fitting calculation of correction parameters is verified based on the "stable mapping between the image point night light radiation correction method > on the DMSP/OLS nighttime light image data with high precision, fast and efficient correction. (2) according to the Mongolia plateau in the night lights bright and dark features, innovation and application of dynamic threshold method with two points of support vector machine (SVM) method combining classification algorithm to determine the optimal threshold; the combined use of these two methods fast, extract the built-up area of Inner Mongolia city of various patches with high precision. (3) overlay analysis by changing the built-up area form on the 1992-2013 years of the city, with the city natural conditions. A typical economic and policy factors of urban built-up area expansion area was evaluated, the results show that the the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 12 Union City built area in recent years with the development of policy and economy appeared expansion trend in different degree; the urban area of Hohhot city in 1996 after the main expansion direction is Southeast 26.35 degrees, 1996-2008 years of focus the migration distance of 22941m; the city of Baotou in 2008 after the main to the Southeast 48.47 degrees direction expansion, focus direct migration distance of 13888m; Erdos was "two city expansion mode" for 2004-2013 years, the urban built-up areas of gravity transfer 26788m. to the southwest direction 105.53 DEG (4) due to non synchronous the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region League City the expansion, through the analysis of the 4 impact factor correlation analysis and linear regression, for the expansion of League City, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region region of the main drive for Son. The single influencing factor to make the greatest contribution to the power consumption; through the combination of multiple linear regression analysis, summed up the total population as the enhancement factor and the power consumption combination become the biggest driving factor of night light changes in all combinations. At the same time, the development of the policy factor is dominated by the government in the city the expansion, plays a driving role to a large extent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P237

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