本文選題：精密地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)觀測(cè)　切入點(diǎn)：垂直擺傾斜儀　出處：《中國(guó)地震局地震研究所》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：精密地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)觀測(cè)可能受到觀測(cè)技術(shù)本身帶來(lái)的誤差、觀測(cè)設(shè)備自身性能、觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性、各種外部觀測(cè)環(huán)境等因素帶來(lái)的影響。本文針對(duì)觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性和高壓線電磁環(huán)境對(duì)精密地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)觀測(cè)造成的影響進(jìn)行研究。 中國(guó)地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)觀測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，在GNSS觀測(cè)墩上采用了強(qiáng)制歸心標(biāo)志，觀測(cè)標(biāo)志的穩(wěn)定性對(duì)地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的識(shí)別具有不可忽視的影響。影響觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性的因素有標(biāo)志基礎(chǔ)、氣象條件、所在地域、季節(jié)變化及年變化等。本文針對(duì)氣象因素對(duì)基巖觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性的影響，利用垂直擺傾斜儀對(duì)黃梅和荊門(mén)的GNSS觀測(cè)墩進(jìn)行觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)，并對(duì)傾斜儀運(yùn)用于此實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀測(cè)墩在南北向和東西向上存在回歸性的日偏移運(yùn)動(dòng)，觀測(cè)墩南北向的偏移變化大于東西向。南北向的偏移日變幅度和偏移日均值多在3mm和1mm以?xún)?nèi)，最大可達(dá)3.5mm和1.3mm；東西向的偏移日變幅度和偏移日均值多在2mm和0.2mm以?xún)?nèi)，最大可達(dá)2.9mm和0.25mm，且季節(jié)變化不顯著。日照導(dǎo)致墩體的溫差變化是觀測(cè)墩發(fā)生偏移運(yùn)動(dòng)的主因，測(cè)向(南北向或東西向)上的偏移變化與測(cè)向上墩體兩面溫差變化的相關(guān)度較高。降雨、氣壓變化、地球固體潮等因素對(duì)觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性沒(méi)有顯著影響。從現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)看，，基巖觀測(cè)墩的日偏移運(yùn)動(dòng)已對(duì)精密地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)觀測(cè)造成了一定的影響，特別是在南北向上，其貢獻(xiàn)可達(dá)1~2mm，需對(duì)觀測(cè)墩采取溫度防護(hù)措施或采用熱膨脹率較低的特殊觀測(cè)墩設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，垂直擺傾斜儀的量程、精度、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性均達(dá)到了實(shí)驗(yàn)要求，觀測(cè)結(jié)果可以真實(shí)可靠地反映觀測(cè)墩體的傾斜情況，完全有能力運(yùn)用于觀測(cè)標(biāo)志穩(wěn)定性的觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中。 高壓輸電線路產(chǎn)生的電磁環(huán)境，包括工頻電場(chǎng)、工頻磁場(chǎng)和無(wú)線電干擾，以及高壓電塔及線路作為大型金屬導(dǎo)體對(duì)信號(hào)的屏蔽、反射和散射，可能會(huì)對(duì)GNSS接收機(jī)的工作性能，接收數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量和解算精度產(chǎn)生影響。本文分別在500kv和220kv高壓輸電線路區(qū)域針對(duì)高壓輸電線路對(duì)GNSS觀測(cè)的影響進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，高壓輸電線路產(chǎn)生的電磁干擾和無(wú)線電干擾對(duì)GNSS接收機(jī)內(nèi)部噪聲沒(méi)有顯著影響。GNSS觀測(cè)的多路徑效應(yīng)受到高壓輸電線路的顯著影響，距離高壓線越近，線路帶電電壓越高，多路徑效應(yīng)越嚴(yán)重。高壓輸電線路對(duì)接收機(jī)捕獲數(shù)據(jù)的性能，接收機(jī)鐘的穩(wěn)定性，觀測(cè)信號(hào)L1、L2載波信噪比，觀測(cè)值周跳，以及基線和點(diǎn)位坐標(biāo)的解算精度沒(méi)有顯著影響�！度蚨ㄎ幌到y(tǒng)（GPS）測(cè)量規(guī)范》中規(guī)定的GNSS觀測(cè)儀器應(yīng)離開(kāi)高壓輸電線路50米以上有著一定的裕度，在高壓輸電線路區(qū)域進(jìn)行的GNSS建站及野外觀測(cè)活動(dòng)中，可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，靈活把握儀器與線路的距離。
[Abstract]:The precision crustal movement observation may be caused by the error caused by the observation technology itself, the performance of the observation equipment itself, the stability of the observation mark, In this paper, the influence of the stability of observation marks and the electromagnetic environment of high voltage line on the precision crustal motion observation is studied. In the crustal movement observation network of China, the forced centring mark is used on the GNSS observation pier. The stability of the observation mark has an unnegligible effect on the identification of crustal movement information, and the factors affecting the stability of the observation mark are based on the criteria. The meteorological condition, the location, the seasonal variation and the annual variation, etc. According to the influence of meteorological factors on the stability of the bedrock observation mark, the vertical pendulum tiltmeter is used to observe and test the GNSS observation piers of Huang Mei and Jingmen. The feasibility of using the tiltmeter in this experiment is evaluated. The migration variation of the observed pier is larger than that of the east-west direction. The diurnal variation amplitude and the daily mean value of the migration are within 3mm and 1mm, the maximum is 3.5mm and 1.3mm, and the daily variation amplitude and the daily average value of the migration in the east-west direction are within 2mm and 0.2mm, respectively. The maximum values can reach 2.9mm and 0.25mm, and the seasonal variation is not obvious. The temperature difference of the pier caused by sunlight is the main cause of the observed pier migration. The correlation between the shift change of direction finding (north to south or east-west) and the variation of temperature difference on both sides of the upward pier is relatively high. There is no significant influence on the stability of the observation sign by the factors such as rainfall, atmospheric pressure change and earth earth tide, etc. From the available experimental data, The diurnal migration of bedrock observation piers has had a certain effect on the precise crustal movement observation, especially in the north and south direction. Its contribution can reach 1 ~ 2 mm. It is necessary to take temperature protection measures on observation piers or to design special observation piers with low thermal expansion rate. Through analysis of experimental data, it is found that the measuring range, accuracy, stability and reliability of vertical pendulum tiltmeter meet the experimental requirements. The observed results can truly and reliably reflect the tilt of the observed piers and can be used in the observation experiments of the stability of the observation marks. The electromagnetic environment generated by high voltage transmission lines, including power frequency electric field, power frequency magnetic field and radio interference, and the shielding, reflection and scattering of signals by high voltage towers and lines as large metal conductors may affect the performance of GNSS receivers. The quality of received data and the accuracy of calculation are affected. In this paper, the effect of high voltage transmission line on GNSS observation is studied in 500kv and 220kv HV transmission lines, respectively. The electromagnetic interference and radio interference produced by HV transmission line have no significant effect on the internal noise of GNSS receiver. The multipath effect observed by GNSS is significantly affected by HV transmission line. The closer to the high voltage line, the higher the live voltage of the line. The more serious the multipath effect is, the more the performance of HV transmission line to the acquisition data of receiver, the stability of receiver clock, the signal-to-noise ratio of L _ 1 / L _ 2 carrier, the cycle slip of observation value, And the accuracy of the calculation of baseline and point coordinates is not significantly affected. The GNSS observation instrument specified in the GPS Measurement Code has a certain margin to leave the HV transmission line above 50m. The distance between the instrument and the transmission line can be flexibly grasped according to the actual situation in the GNSS station building and field observation activities in the area of HV transmission line.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P227

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