本文選題：快速處理　切入點：POS系統(tǒng)　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自然災(zāi)害和公共安全事故災(zāi)難的頻繁發(fā)生、災(zāi)害損失的不斷增長，引起了黨中央、國務(wù)院以及各部門對防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)工作的重視。在多次災(zāi)害應(yīng)急及災(zāi)后重建工作中，測繪部門在其中起到了基礎(chǔ)地理信息保障的重要作用。 由歷年來國內(nèi)發(fā)生的重大自然災(zāi)害（如汶川地震、舟曲泥石流等）的災(zāi)后救援和應(yīng)急策略可知，第一手的災(zāi)情數(shù)據(jù)信息對于及時的救援和救災(zāi)策略制定，有著至關(guān)重要的作用。而測繪部門往往可第一時間提供災(zāi)前基礎(chǔ)地理信息數(shù)據(jù)，但無法在第一時間獲取災(zāi)區(qū)災(zāi)害后的航空影像、第一時間制作完成災(zāi)區(qū)影像圖。存在問題主要表現(xiàn)在災(zāi)時空域緊張以及應(yīng)急測繪航攝數(shù)據(jù)快速處理裝備不足兩個方面：一是測繪航攝用飛機無優(yōu)先空域權(quán)，在生命高于一切的搶險救災(zāi)過程中，空中救援運輸是首要任務(wù)，必須重點保障，從而導(dǎo)致測繪部門的航攝飛機難以第一時間獲準(zhǔn)起飛執(zhí)行任務(wù)；二是由于現(xiàn)階段使用的航攝遙感軟件大多是后處理軟件需要人工參與，飛行過程中無法實時解算處理，必須待飛機落地停穩(wěn)后利用大量的地面控制點才能解算處理，顯然在分秒必爭的應(yīng)急時刻，迫切需要實現(xiàn)機上航空數(shù)據(jù)實時處理，飛機落地即可獲得災(zāi)區(qū)高分辨率航空影像圖。為此，需建立一套搭載在通用飛機平臺上的應(yīng)急測繪航空數(shù)據(jù)實時獲取與機上快速處理系統(tǒng)。 基于此，為了滿足應(yīng)急測繪航空數(shù)據(jù)機上快速處理的應(yīng)用要求，實現(xiàn)飛機落地時即可獲得災(zāi)區(qū)高分辨率遙感影像圖，本文研究了基于三維地形影像控制數(shù)據(jù)庫（即影像數(shù)據(jù)庫與地形數(shù)據(jù)庫）的機上快速處理流程，利用已有的數(shù)據(jù)庫，形成基于三維地形影像控制數(shù)據(jù)庫的機上航空遙感數(shù)據(jù)正射糾正、災(zāi)區(qū)影像拼接及鑲嵌后影像幾何糾正等的快速處理工藝，減少了人工參與的過程，解決了航空遙感數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)急獲取與處理的時間效率問題，建立一套應(yīng)急測繪航空影像快速處理系統(tǒng)來滿足抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)等應(yīng)急保障的需求。 本文主要研究成果如下： （1）重點分析了傳統(tǒng)航空影像處理的流程方法，同時針對航空影像和“應(yīng)急響應(yīng)”的特點，提出了應(yīng)用已有的三維地形影像控制數(shù)據(jù)庫的快速處理流程，解決了傳統(tǒng)作業(yè)方法時間長、步驟多和效率低以及不能實時在機上處理的缺點，并且通過該方法能快速生成災(zāi)區(qū)高分辨率整體影像圖，，來滿足災(zāi)后應(yīng)急宏觀把控的需求。 （2）通過對正射糾正的方法研究，在缺乏控制信息的情況下提出了應(yīng)用POS數(shù)據(jù)和地形數(shù)據(jù)庫中DEM數(shù)據(jù)來對航空影像進行快速正射糾正，省去了傳統(tǒng)空三加密的過程，減少了整個處理的時間，實現(xiàn)并生成帶地理坐標(biāo)的正射影像，為后續(xù)的基于坐標(biāo)的幾何鑲嵌提供影像資料。 （3）為了實現(xiàn)影像的快速拼接，采用了基于坐標(biāo)的拼接方式，同時在實驗中，針對一些POS精度不高的情況，提出了基于坐標(biāo)微調(diào)的拼接方法，利用匹配相鄰影像之間的同名點對來計算坐標(biāo)偏移量，解決部分區(qū)域POS精度不高的問題，進而快速準(zhǔn)確的得到災(zāi)區(qū)宏觀的鑲嵌影像，滿足應(yīng)急救災(zāi)需求。 （4）運用控制點影像庫內(nèi)多源控制點影像對幾何鑲嵌后的整體影像進行平差糾正，分析了控制點影像數(shù)據(jù)庫及內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)的特點以及影像的特征提取、特征匹配算法和流程，同時實現(xiàn)了多源遙感影像間的匹配。本文采用二次多項式的方法，利用匹配好的控制點數(shù)據(jù)對鑲嵌后的影像進行整體的平差和糾正，解決影像由于POS數(shù)據(jù)和DEM數(shù)據(jù)精度問題造成的位置偏差，提高了鑲嵌后整體影像的精度。
[Abstract]:Frequent natural disasters and accidents of public security disaster, increasing disaster losses, caused by the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the Department of disaster prevention and disaster relief work attention. In times of disaster emergency and post disaster reconstruction work, surveying and mapping departments to the important role of basic geographic information security in them.
A major natural disaster in China over the years (such as the Wenchuan earthquake, Zhouqu mudslides) the disaster relief and emergency strategy that the disaster data first hand information for timely rescue and relief strategy plays a very important role. While surveying and mapping departments often provide pre disaster basic geographic information data for the first time, but unable to get the aerial image after the disaster disaster area in the first time, the first time made disaster image maps. The problems mainly in the spatial domain and nervous disaster emergency surveying and mapping aerial data fast processing equipment less than two: one is the aerophotographic mapping plane without priority right in the airspace, the life is higher than all the disaster relief process air rescue, transportation is the primary task, we must focus on security, resulting in surveying and mapping departments of aerial aircraft to the first time allowed off the task; two is due to At this stage the use of aerial remote sensing software is mostly postprocessing software need artificial participation during the flight can not be real-time solution treatment, must be stopped after the plane landed a large number of ground control points to solution treatment, apparently in emergency time the urgent need to achieve machine count every minute and second, the aviation data real-time processing, the aircraft can be landed obtained high resolution aerial images of disaster. Therefore, to establish a set of emergency mapping data in the general aviation carrying aircraft on the platform of real-time processing and machine system.
Based on this, in order to meet the application requirements of emergency mapping aviation data fast processing machine, realize the plane figure of high resolution remote sensing images can be obtained when the landing area, this paper studies the three-dimensional terrain database based on image control (i.e. image database and terrain database) fast processing machine, using the existing database, forming a three-dimensional terrain image control based on the database on the aerial remote sensing data correction, fast processing and image mosaic mosaic area after image geometric correction, reduce the artificial participation, solve the aerial remote sensing data acquisition and processing efficiency of the emergency time, to meet the needs of disaster relief and other emergency security system to establish a set of emergency rapid processing surveying and mapping aerial images.
The main research results in this paper are as follows:
(1) focuses on the analysis of the process of traditional aviation image processing, at the same time for aerial images and "emergency response" features, put forward a fast process of 3D terrain image control of the existing database application, to solve the traditional operation method for long time, many steps and low efficiency and not real-time processing in machine faults and by this method can quickly generate a high resolution image of the whole area, to meet the post disaster emergency macro-control needs.
(2) through the research on the method of ortho rectification, in the absence of control information is presented under the condition of the application of POS data and DEM data in terrain database for fast orthorectification for aerial image, the traditional process of eliminating the empty three encryption, reduce the processing time, the generation of orthoimage belt the geographical coordinates, for subsequent geometric mosaic based on coordinate image data.
(3) in order to achieve rapid mosaic images, using the splicing method based on coordinate, at the same time in the experiment, some POS accuracy is not high, the mosaic method based on coordinate adjustment, using the same point matching between adjacent images to calculate the coordinates of the offset, solve part of POS accuracy the problem, then quickly and accurately get hit mosaic image macro, meet emergency relief needs.
(4) the use of multi-source control point image database in the control point image on the overall image geometric mosaic after adjustment correction, analyzed the control point image database and the internal features of the data and image feature extraction, feature matching algorithm and the flow, and realize the matching between multi-source remote sensing images. This paper uses the two polynomial on the whole, the mosaic image using control point matching good data adjustment and correction, solve the position deviation due to the POS image data and DEM data accuracy caused the problem, improve the precision of the whole image mosaic.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P231

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