發(fā)布時間：2018-03-14 07:24

  本文選題：電離層延遲　切入點：GPS　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電離層是日地空間環(huán)境的重要組成部分,認(rèn)識電離層的結(jié)構(gòu)和活動規(guī)律,是人類對自身生存環(huán)境認(rèn)識和利用的重要基礎(chǔ)。電離層的研究對于研究日地空間環(huán)境及高空大氣各層之間的相互關(guān)系和作用,提高測速、定位、授時、導(dǎo)航等系統(tǒng)的精度等方面,都具有非常重要的價值。 相比較于傳統(tǒng)電離層探測技術(shù),GNSS探測技術(shù)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)連續(xù)運行、高密度覆蓋。目前,四大全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)并存與發(fā)展的局面已初步形成。隨著多模CNSS連續(xù)運行跟蹤站數(shù)量增加與觀測數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量不斷提升,針對多模GNSS系統(tǒng)不同特點進行深入研究,開展基于多模GNSS系統(tǒng)的電離層建模十分必要。 由于電離層模型、偽距觀測值精度等因素影響,單頻單點定位僅可獲得分米至米級定位精度。通過不同頻率組合,雙頻用戶可以消除超過99%的電離層誤差影響。但觀測值組合放大了觀測噪聲,需要更多的時間實現(xiàn)雙頻PPP收斂。因此,進一步提高電離層模型精度,可有助于提高單頻定位精度、加速雙頻PPP收斂速度。 電離層延遲對單頻導(dǎo)航用戶影響很大,但導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)自身提供的實時改正產(chǎn)品效果有限,難以獲得高精度定位結(jié)果。因此,基于區(qū)域或者全球的跟蹤站網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的實時觀測數(shù)據(jù)流,建立實時電離層模型,能夠有效提高服務(wù)區(qū)域內(nèi)單頻用戶定位精度。同時,利用實時電離層模型能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高精度的電離層監(jiān)測,有助于研究電離層擾動及不規(guī)則變化。 本文針對電離層二維層析中的一些問題,對數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、電離層提取方法等進行深入分析；利用實測GPS/Beidou數(shù)據(jù)建立中國區(qū)域電離層模型,分析多模系統(tǒng)對電離層模型、硬件延遲估計精度影響；分析GLONASS偽距頻間偏差特性,提出一種先驗改正的方法,可有效消除偽距頻間偏差對GLONASS衛(wèi)星電離層延遲提取的影響；利用區(qū)域密集的參考站,建立基于單顆衛(wèi)星的精化電離層模型,提出一種基于精化電離層產(chǎn)品的雙頻PPP快速收斂算法；利用中國區(qū)域?qū)崟r數(shù)據(jù)流開發(fā)了一套實時電離層模型系統(tǒng),為中國區(qū)域用戶提供實時電離層延遲產(chǎn)品,可應(yīng)用于中國區(qū)域單頻定位及電離層變化監(jiān)測。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括： 1.針對觀測數(shù)據(jù)中鐘跳問題,采用星間單差MW組合輔助非差MW、GF探測周跳、鐘跳；對比分析了采用相位平滑偽距及組合觀測值分解方法提取電離層延遲的精度；對中國區(qū)域電離層建模的布站選擇進行分析,實驗結(jié)果說明采用60個左右分布均勻的跟蹤站即可獲得較高的模型精度。 2.利用Beidou/GPS雙模實測數(shù)據(jù)建立了中國區(qū)域電離層模型。在當(dāng)前衛(wèi)星、跟蹤站分布狀態(tài)下,利用單模Beidou系統(tǒng)建立電離層模型在高、低緯度等邊緣區(qū)域精度較低,在中緯度區(qū)域精度略低于單模GPS系統(tǒng)；Beidou衛(wèi)星硬件延遲比較穩(wěn)定,月平均變化不超過1.8ns。 3.利用GLONASS并址站數(shù)據(jù)分析偽距頻間偏差特性,認(rèn)為不同衛(wèi)星的接收機P1P2頻間偏差變化穩(wěn)定,但差異較大,且沒有體現(xiàn)與頻率有顯著的線性關(guān)系：鑒于此,本文提出一種顧及頻間偏差的多模電離層建模算法,首先估計出全部基準(zhǔn)站相對某一測站的頻間偏差并修正,再進行電離層建模,該算法可有效提高電離層模型及硬件延遲分離精度。 4.為減少建模過程中造成的精度損失,建立基于單顆衛(wèi)星的區(qū)域精化電離層模型。同時,基于精化電離層產(chǎn)品、寬巷UPD及單差殘余硬件延遲產(chǎn)品,提出一種PPP快速收斂算法。利用精化電離層模型產(chǎn)品進行單頻PPP解算,在N、E、U三個方向的平均RMS值分別為3.8,4.3和9.2cm；采用快速收斂算法,雙頻PPP用戶的收斂時間顯著降低,大約50%的流動站可以在5分鐘內(nèi)收斂到2dm。 5.基于中國陸太網(wǎng)絡(luò)實時數(shù)據(jù)流搭建了電離層實時估計服務(wù)軟件,對實時數(shù)據(jù)處理中的定權(quán)、抗差、硬件延遲處理策略以及背景場的選擇等進行探討；通過與自估產(chǎn)品、CODE事后產(chǎn)品以及流動站反演等多種手段評估,在中高緯度地區(qū)實時模型精度可達2-3TECu,低緯度地區(qū)略低約為3-4TECu。利用實時電離層產(chǎn)品進行單頻SPP、PPP定位,在中高緯度地區(qū),單頻SPP的3D偏差優(yōu)于1.2m,低緯度地區(qū)優(yōu)于2.2m；單頻PPP可以達到平面0.2m,高程0.5m的精度；實時電離層產(chǎn)品有效監(jiān)測了2013年076日磁暴期間中國區(qū)域電子密度的變化。
[Abstract]:The ionosphere is an important part of sun earth space environment, understand the structure and activities of the ionosphere, is an important basis for human survival awareness and use of the environment on their own. The ionospheric research in the relationship between on space environment and atmosphere of each layer and for improving the speed, precision positioning, timing, etc. navigation system, has a very important value.
Compared with the traditional ionosphere detection technology, GNSS detection technology can realize continuous operation, high density coverage. Currently, four of global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) coexist with the development of the situation has been formed. With the continuous operation of the multi-mode CNSS tracking station increases with the number of observation data and improve the quality, in-depth study according to the different characteristics of the multi-mode GNSS system, carry out the ionospheric modeling system based on multimode GNSS is necessary.
Due to the ionospheric model, pseudo range measurement accuracy and other factors, single point positioning can only obtain decimeter and meter precision. Through different combination of frequencies, frequency users can eliminate the ionospheric error affecting more than 99%. But the combination of observations magnified observation noises, need more time to achieve double PPP convergence. Therefore, to further improve the accuracy of ionospheric model, which can help to improve the positioning accuracy of the single frequency, dual frequency PPP and accelerate the convergence speed.
The ionospheric delay has great influence on the single frequency navigation users, but the real-time correction effect of navigation system itself is limited, it is difficult to obtain the high precision positioning. Therefore, regional or global real-time data tracking station network to provide flow based on a real-time ionospheric model, can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the single frequency users within the service area at the same time., using real time ionospheric model can achieve high precision monitoring of the ionosphere, contribute to the variation of ionospheric disturbances and irregular.
Aiming at some problems in the two-dimensional ionospheric tomography, data preprocessing, ionospheric extraction methods are analyzed; based Chinese regional ionospheric model GPS/Beidou measurement data analysis system of multimode ionospheric model, hardware delay estimation accuracy; analysis of GLONASS pseudorange frequency deviation, a method is proposed to correct a priori, can to effectively eliminate the pseudo frequency deviation between delayed extraction effect on GLONASS satellite ionosphere; intensive use of regional reference station, a refined ionospheric model of single satellite based on dual frequency PPP presents a fast convergence algorithm based on the refinement of ionospheric products; Chinese regional real-time data stream developed a real-time ionospheric model system, providing products for the real-time ionospheric delay Chinese regional users, can be applied to single frequency positioning and ionospheric Chinese area change monitoring. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1. according to the observation data in the clock jump, the inter satellite difference MW non difference MW, GF cycle slip detection, clock jump; compared with the phase smoothing pseudo range and combined observations of ionospheric delay decomposition method extraction accuracy; regional ionospheric modeling of Chinese station selection is analyzed, experimental results show that the 60 or so uniform tracking station can obtain higher accuracy of model.
2. data from the Beidou/GPS mode was established Chinese regional ionospheric model. In the current satellite tracking station distribution, establishing the ionospheric model in the high use of single Beidou system, the low latitude edge region with low accuracy, slightly lower than the single mode of GPS system in the mid latitude region precision; Beidou satellite hardware delay is relatively stable, the average monthly change more than 1.8ns.
3. using GLONASS and pseudo distance deviation between the access frequency of station data, P1P2 satellite receiver that different frequency deviation between changes in stability, but the difference is large, and there is no significantly linear relationship between expression and frequency: in view of this, this paper presents a consideration of frequency deviation between multimode ionosphere modeling algorithm, first we estimate all the base station relative to a measuring station and frequency deviation correction of ionospheric modeling, the algorithm can effectively improve the ionospheric model and hardware delay precision of separation.
4. in order to reduce the loss caused by the accuracy of the modeling process, the establishment of a regional ionospheric model refinement of single satellite based on the ionosphere. At the same time, refined products based on the wide lane UPD and single difference delay residual hardware products, this paper puts forward a PPP fast convergence algorithm. By using the refined model of the ionosphere products of single frequency PPP solution in N E RMS U, the average of three directions were 3.8,4.3 and 9.2cm; the fast convergence algorithm, the convergence time of dual frequency PPP users decreased significantly, about 50% of the mobile station can converge to the 2dm. in 5 minutes
5. real time data stream based on network Chinese land too set up service software for real-time estimation of the ionosphere, right, real-time data processing in robust hardware, delay processing strategy and background field selection are discussed; and through self assessment of products, CODE products and a variety of mobile stations after the inversion and other means of assessment, in the high latitudes real-time model precision of 2-3TECu and low latitudes slightly lower about 3-4TECu. using real-time ionospheric products for single frequency SPP, PPP positioning, in the middle and high latitudes, single frequency SPP 3D deviation is better than 1.2m, the low latitude region is better than that of 2.2m; PPP single frequency can reach 0.2m 0.5m plane, elevation accuracy; real-time ionospheric are effective to monitor the change of electron density region China during the 2013 076 storm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4;P352

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