本文選題：地理空間數(shù)據(jù)　切入點(diǎn)：地圖數(shù)據(jù)　出處：《解放軍信息工程大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：系列比例尺基礎(chǔ)地理空間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建成以后,利用地理空間數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行地圖制作已成為數(shù)字地圖制圖的主要任務(wù)之一。由于地理空間數(shù)據(jù)與地圖數(shù)據(jù)不完全一致,再加上有很多特殊情況存在,通過(guò)符號(hào)化技術(shù)還不能將地理空間數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成高質(zhì)量的地圖數(shù)據(jù)。本文在參閱、分析地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化研究現(xiàn)狀以及有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和資料的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化理論與技術(shù)進(jìn)行了較為全面和深入的研究,主要包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)討論了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化存在的主要問(wèn)題,分析總結(jié)了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化在實(shí)現(xiàn)方式、數(shù)據(jù)模型、制圖規(guī)則和制圖模板等多個(gè)方面的研究現(xiàn)狀,提出了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化理論與技術(shù)研究的目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和方案。(2)分析了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)與地圖數(shù)據(jù)的差異以及兩者與地圖符號(hào)的關(guān)系,論述了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化過(guò)程,設(shè)計(jì)了地理要素、地圖要素和地圖符號(hào)的代數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu),建立了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)向地圖數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換的概念模型,從數(shù)學(xué)代數(shù)的角度揭示了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化機(jī)制。(3)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有地圖數(shù)據(jù)模型在符號(hào)化顯示效果方面的不足,設(shè)計(jì)了新的面向要素關(guān)聯(lián)的地圖數(shù)據(jù)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)和地圖數(shù)據(jù)要素級(jí)別的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系表達(dá),解決了地圖要素共性表達(dá)與個(gè)性表達(dá)之間的矛盾;改進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)地圖符號(hào)模型,完善了線狀地圖符號(hào)的點(diǎn)符配置形式和面狀地圖符號(hào)的點(diǎn)符填充類型,并將注記與圖形進(jìn)行結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)了組合注記模型,提高了地圖符號(hào)的表現(xiàn)力。(4)根據(jù)制圖知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的特點(diǎn),將產(chǎn)生式表示法應(yīng)用于制圖規(guī)則的形式化表達(dá),提出了面向單要素特征的制圖規(guī)則表示方法及解析與運(yùn)行機(jī)制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了面向要素幾何和屬性特征的制圖規(guī)則表達(dá);以視覺(jué)空間拓?fù)潢P(guān)系模型為基礎(chǔ),提出了符號(hào)化要素視覺(jué)空間拓?fù)潢P(guān)系的構(gòu)建方法,并結(jié)合歐式空間拓?fù)潢P(guān)系模型,對(duì)產(chǎn)生式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,提出了面向拓?fù)潢P(guān)系的制圖規(guī)則表示方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了圖形沖突處理規(guī)則的形式化表達(dá)。(5)在分析現(xiàn)有制圖模板特點(diǎn)與不足的基礎(chǔ)上,以地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化過(guò)程為研究對(duì)象,將符號(hào)化過(guò)程分解成不同類型的制圖規(guī)則,設(shè)計(jì)了貫穿于符號(hào)化各環(huán)節(jié)的制圖模板結(jié)構(gòu);通過(guò)記錄用戶的制圖操作,將符號(hào)化各環(huán)節(jié)的制圖規(guī)則聚合成不同功能的規(guī)則集,實(shí)現(xiàn)了制圖模板的具體構(gòu)建。(6)進(jìn)行了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化實(shí)驗(yàn)。依據(jù)所設(shè)計(jì)的地圖符號(hào)模型,建立了地圖符號(hào)庫(kù);構(gòu)建了符號(hào)化控制規(guī)則、圖形沖突處理規(guī)則、特殊效果處理規(guī)則和地圖整飾規(guī)則;將各種規(guī)則以制圖模板的形式記錄,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于規(guī)則和模板的地理空間數(shù)據(jù)符號(hào)化技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:After the completion of the basic geospatial database of series scale, the use of geospatial data for map making has become the main part of digital map cartography, and because the geospatial data and the map data are not completely consistent with each other, In addition, there are many special cases in which geospatial data cannot be automatically converted into high-quality map data through symbolization. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the symbolization of geospatial data and the related literature and data, the theory and technology of symbolization of geospatial data are studied comprehensively and deeply. The main contents are as follows: (1) the main problems existing in symbolization of geospatial data are discussed, and the research status of symbolization of geospatial data in many aspects, such as realization mode, data model, cartographic rules and cartographic templates, is analyzed and summarized. This paper puts forward the goal, content and scheme of the research on the theory and technology of symbolization of geospatial data. It analyzes the difference between geospatial data and map data and the relationship between them and the symbol of map, and discusses the process of symbolization of geospatial data. The algebraic structure of geographical elements, map elements and map symbols is designed, and a conceptual model for the transformation of geospatial data to map data is established. This paper reveals the symbolization mechanism of geospatial data from the point of view of mathematical algebra. Aiming at the deficiency of the existing map data model in symbolizing display effect, a new map data model oriented to factor association is designed. It realizes the expression of the correlation relation between the geographic spatial data and the map data element level, solves the contradiction between the common expression and the individuality expression of the map element, and improves the traditional map symbol model. The collocation form of line map symbol and the type of dot character filling of plane map symbol are improved, and the combined notation model is designed by combining the notation with the graph. According to the characteristics of cartographic knowledge and experience, the production representation method is applied to the formal expression of cartographic rules, and the method of expressing cartographic rules for single element feature and the mechanism of analysis and operation are put forward. Based on the topological relation model of visual space, this paper proposes a method of constructing the topological relationship of visual space of symbolic elements, and combines the model of topological relationship of European space. Based on the extension of the production structure, a method of expressing the rules of cartography oriented to topological relations is proposed. The formal representation of the rules for dealing with graphics conflicts is realized. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing drawing templates, Taking the symbolization process of geospatial data as the research object, the symbolization process is decomposed into different types of cartographic rules, and the cartographic template structure running through every link of symbolization is designed. The cartographic rules of symbolized links are aggregated into different function rule sets, and the concrete construction of cartographic template is realized. The experiment of symbolization of geographic spatial data is carried out. According to the map symbol model designed, the map symbol database is established. The symbolic control rules, graphic conflict handling rules, special effects processing rules and map finishing rules are constructed, and various rules are recorded in the form of cartographic templates to realize the symbolization of geospatial data based on rules and templates.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208

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