發(fā)布時間：2018-03-03 17:40

  本文選題：地震　切入點：植被受損　出處：《四川師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是人類社會賴以生存和發(fā)展的基本要素，保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，建設生態(tài)文明是關系人民福祉、關乎民族未來的基本國策。在自然的生態(tài)環(huán)境中，植被是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最為重要的組成部分，它為人類的生存提供必需的氧氣和食物，同時植被生長的狀態(tài)健康與否是判斷自然生態(tài)環(huán)境好壞的重要指標。2008年汶川大地震，地處龍門山脈腹地的彭州市成為受災最為嚴重的地震極重災區(qū)之一，生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了巨大的破壞，植被受損變化突出。研究植被受損程度、面積和分布特征，評估地震造成的生態(tài)環(huán)境影響，以及評價震后四年植被與生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復，對于指導后期植被恢復和生態(tài)環(huán)境重建都有著十分重要的意義。 本研究在查閱大量相關的國內(nèi)外文獻的基礎上，針對本研究區(qū)的地理信息要素，進行植被的受損與恢復研究。使用的是ETM+的遙感影像、CBERS-02B衛(wèi)星的遙感影像和環(huán)境減災衛(wèi)星作為植被受損恢復提取的數(shù)據(jù)源，首先建立植被的受損與恢復模型，逐次對高程、坡度、坡向進行分級統(tǒng)計，分析情況。依據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境評價因子的選取原則，選用準則層和指標層，建立本研究區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境評價指標體系，選用層次分析法和綜合指標法建立生態(tài)環(huán)境評價綜合模型，利用地理信息技術的空間分析和柵格運算，對生態(tài)環(huán)境進行評價，計算出彭州市震后四年生態(tài)環(huán)境變化分級結果。其主要結論有： （1）對植被提取時，著重分析了山體陰影對植被提取的影響，經(jīng)過對各個地物的光譜采樣分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)山體陰影在各個波段的值均小于其他地物，所以基于此就提取出山體陰影。再在山體陰影這個單獨的地類中，試驗NDVI的閾值范圍，從而提取出山體陰影里的植被。 （2）建立植被受損模型，發(fā)現(xiàn)受損植被的總面積為112.64km2，占彭州市總面積7.9%。分析重度、中度、輕度受損地區(qū)的植被分布。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)受損植被的空間分布與海拔有明顯正相關，其次是坡度因子，而與坡向因子相關性并不大。 （3）建立植被恢復模型，分析恢復等級的分布特征。綜合分析來看，影響植被恢復的因子主要是海拔高度和坡度因子，受坡向的影響較小。 （4）選擇七個指標對地震后的生態(tài)環(huán)境進行評價，并將其結果劃分為五個等級，分析得出在有林地，灌木林地中，植被恢復等級為良的，坡度在35°以下的，，生態(tài)環(huán)境等級為良好的地區(qū)，其生態(tài)環(huán)境的恢復是最好的。 （5）根據(jù)評價的結果，有助于相關部門及時的從整體上把握整個研究區(qū)的變化情況，為本研究區(qū)災后的植被恢復和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重建提供科學的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the basic element of the survival and development of human society. The protection of ecological environment and the construction of ecological civilization are the basic national policies related to the well-being of the people and the future of the nation. Vegetation is the most important component of natural ecosystem. It provides essential oxygen and food for the survival of human beings. At the same time, the state of vegetation growth is an important index to judge the quality of natural ecological environment. Pengzhou City, located in the hinterland of the Longmen Mountains, has become one of the most severely affected earthquake stricken areas. The ecological environment has been greatly damaged, and the vegetation has been damaged and changed significantly. The extent, area and distribution characteristics of vegetation damage have been studied. It is very important to evaluate the impact of the earthquake on the ecological environment and to evaluate the vegetation and ecological environment restoration in the four years after the earthquake. On the basis of consulting a large number of relevant domestic and foreign literatures, this study aims at the geographical information elements in this research area. Using the remote sensing image of ETM remote sensing image of CBERS-02B satellite and environmental disaster reduction satellite as the data source of vegetation damage recovery and recovery, the damage and restoration model of vegetation was established first, and the elevation and slope were successively evaluated. According to the selection principle of ecological environment evaluation factors, the index system of ecological environment evaluation in this research area is established by selecting criterion layer and index layer. The synthetic model of ecological environment evaluation is established by AHP and comprehensive index method, and the ecological environment is evaluated by spatial analysis and grid operation of geographic information technology. The classification results of ecological environment change in Pengzhou City for four years after the earthquake are calculated. The main conclusions are as follows:. 1) in the process of vegetation extraction, the influence of mountain shadow on vegetation extraction is emphatically analyzed. The spectral sampling of each feature shows that the value of mountain shadow in each band is lower than that of other ground objects. Therefore, the mountain shadow is extracted based on this, and then the threshold range of NDVI is tested in the mountain shadow, which is a separate ground category, and the vegetation in the mountain shadow is extracted. (2) to establish a model of vegetation damage, it was found that the total area of damaged vegetation was 112.64km2, accounting for 7.9% of the total area of Pengzhou. The distribution of vegetation in heavy, moderate and light damaged areas was analyzed. It was found that the spatial distribution of damaged vegetation was positively correlated with altitude. The second is slope factor, but the correlation with slope direction factor is not great. (3) establish a vegetation restoration model and analyze the distribution characteristics of restoration grade. The factors affecting vegetation restoration are mainly altitude and slope factors, which are less affected by slope direction. 4) selecting seven indexes to evaluate the ecological environment after the earthquake, and dividing the results into five grades. The analysis shows that in the forest land and shrub land, the vegetation restoration grade is good and the slope is below 35 擄. The recovery of ecological environment is the best in areas with good ecological environment grade. 5) according to the evaluation results, it is helpful for relevant departments to grasp the changes of the whole research area in time, and to provide scientific reference for vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction after disaster in the study area.
【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;X87;X826

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