本文關(guān)鍵詞： Skyline GIS 數(shù)字城市 三維地理信息系統(tǒng) 三維景觀　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國城市化進(jìn)程深入發(fā)展,城市的建設(shè)和管理日益面臨新的要求和挑戰(zhàn)。利用數(shù)字化信息化的手段對城市進(jìn)行管理和決策支持漸漸成為了主流,“數(shù)字城市”概念也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。作為數(shù)字城市一部分的城市三維地理信息系統(tǒng)也逐漸成為地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。 本文依據(jù)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的原則,結(jié)合“數(shù)字城市”建設(shè)的需求,以上海某實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)為例,對城市三維景觀系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了構(gòu)建和研究,并詳細(xì)介紹了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路和實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中用到的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。首先對系統(tǒng)整體的構(gòu)建進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),總結(jié)設(shè)計(jì)流程,研究功能需求和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,制定合理的部署方案。然后就是著手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)備,三維景觀模型的構(gòu)建是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ),為此本文從三維地形模型和三維地物模型的構(gòu)建著手,探討了三維景觀模型的構(gòu)建方法。將實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)地物模型基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入3DMAX,合理添加貼圖,制作三維地物模型(.x文件),為在三維場景中達(dá)到較好顯示效果,需要把.x文件轉(zhuǎn)換成xpl2文件,通過IIS進(jìn)行發(fā)布。將影像數(shù)據(jù)、數(shù)字高程模型進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一坐標(biāo)系、重投影等前期處理,添加到Skyline軟件的TerraBuilder模塊中,經(jīng)過編輯處理操作,生成具有金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)的三維地形模型即mpt格式的文件,通過TerraGate進(jìn)行發(fā)布。然后在TerraExplorerPro中,根據(jù)三維地形模型即MPT文件、三維地物模型即xpl2文件和二維矢量模型的發(fā)布路徑進(jìn)行加載,生成包含數(shù)字城市三維模型的數(shù)據(jù)集即.FLY文件。最后,在三維景觀模型建立的基礎(chǔ)上,采用j Query對界面進(jìn)行布局和設(shè)計(jì),利用TerraDeveloper對三維系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行開發(fā),借助ArcGIS JavaScript API調(diào)用Rest服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)二維加載和操作,從而初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維基本操作、鷹眼、數(shù)據(jù)管理、空間分析、信息查詢定位等功能。 城市三維景觀系統(tǒng)以直觀的三維景觀代替了抽象的地圖符號(hào),這就使得地圖超出了傳統(tǒng)的地理信息符號(hào)化、空間信息水平化和地圖內(nèi)容靜止化的狀態(tài),進(jìn)入了動(dòng)態(tài)、時(shí)空變換、多維的可交互的地圖時(shí)代。同時(shí),三維地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的日益成熟為海量優(yōu)秀的三維模型提供了平臺(tái)支持,優(yōu)秀模型的加入又為各種空間分析創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。利用良好的城市三維地理信息系統(tǒng),對城市進(jìn)行數(shù)字化管理,通過直觀的三維信息化服務(wù),為城市規(guī)劃、建設(shè)與運(yùn)營管理、安全管理提供強(qiáng)有力的決策支持,大力提高了城市運(yùn)作效率。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization in China, The construction and management of cities are facing new demands and challenges increasingly. The concept of "digital city" emerges as the times require. Urban three-dimensional geographic information system (3D GIS) has gradually become a hotspot in the field of GIS (Geographic Information system). According to the principle of system development and the needs of "digital city" construction, this paper takes a certain experimental area in Shanghai as an example to construct and study the urban three-dimensional landscape system. The design ideas and key technologies used in the system implementation are introduced in detail. Firstly, the design of the whole system is designed, the design process is summarized, and the functional requirements and implementation methods are studied. It is necessary to prepare the data, and the construction of 3D landscape model is the basis of the whole system. Therefore, this paper starts with the construction of 3D terrain model and 3D terrain model. The method of constructing 3D landscape model is discussed. The basic data of ground object model in experimental area are imported into 3DMAX, the map is added reasonably, and the 3D feature model is made up of .x file, so as to achieve better display effect in 3D scene. It is necessary to convert .x file into xpl2 file and publish it through IIS. The image data, digital elevation model and other pre-processing, such as unified coordinate system and reprojection, are added to the TerraBuilder module of Skyline software and edited. The three-dimensional terrain model with pyramid structure, that is, the file in mpt format, is generated and published by TerraGate. Then, in TerraExplorerPro, according to the three-dimensional terrain model, that is, MPT file, The 3D feature model, that is, the xpl2 file and the two-dimensional vector model, are loaded to generate the data set (.FLY), which contains the 3D model of the digital city. Finally, based on the establishment of the 3D landscape model, the 3D landscape model is built. J Query is used to layout and design interface, TerraDeveloper is used to develop 3D system, and Rest service is called by ArcGIS JavaScript API to realize two-dimensional loading and operation. Thus, the basic operation of 3D, Eagle Eye, data management, spatial analysis, is preliminarily realized. Information query and positioning functions. The city 3D landscape system replaces the abstract map symbol with the intuitionistic 3D landscape, which makes the map go beyond the traditional geographical information symbolization, the spatial information level and the map content static state, entered the dynamic, Space-time transformation, multi-dimensional interactive map age. At the same time, the technology of 3D GIS is becoming more and more mature, which provides the platform support for the massive excellent 3D model. The addition of excellent models creates good conditions for spatial analysis. Using good 3D GIS to manage the city digitally, it can serve the city planning through intuitionistic three-dimensional information service. Construction and operation management and safety management provide strong decision support and improve the efficiency of urban operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;TP311.52

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