本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黃土高原 面積高程積分 流域地貌 數(shù)字高程模型 數(shù)字地形分析　出處：《南京師范大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：面積高程積分(Hypsometric Integral)是一種具有明確物理含義和地貌學意義的地形分析指標。作為一種宏觀的地貌分析指標與方法,面積高程積分雖能定量地揭示流域發(fā)育特征,但其分析的理論與方法體系亟待完善。特別是,雖然前人對部分流域的面積高程積分展開過分析討論,但基于該指標與方法對于區(qū)域性的流域地貌發(fā)育及地貌空間格局的系統(tǒng)研究明顯不足。本文首先系統(tǒng)地分析了面積高程積分的基本概念,對其特征屬性、影響因素及分類體系進行深入探討。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了流域面積高程積分譜系的概念模型、地學含義、組成要素及分析方法�；跀�(shù)字地形分析及地學信息圖譜方法,以黃土高原重點水土流失區(qū),特別是其中多級典型流域為實驗樣區(qū),以多尺度數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)為基本信息源,研究基于流域面積高程積分譜系分析黃土高原流域地貌形態(tài)的方法,獲得了對黃土流域地貌及空間分異特征的新認識,得到了基于流域面積高程積分譜系的黃土高原重點水土流失區(qū)地貌分區(qū)圖。論文主要的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： 1.在明確面積高程積分基本性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了流域面積高程積分譜系的概念模型,特別圍繞其衍生的各類分析方法,展開深入研究與分析。研究表明,流域面積高程積分譜系能夠?qū)υ忻娣e高程積分的地形形態(tài)表達進行有效補充,通過系統(tǒng)地對流域內(nèi)部各地形特征要素的面積高程積分表達,在相當程度上豐富了面積高程積分的理論體系與分析方法。 2.在系統(tǒng)分析流域特征要素的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了流域面積高程積分譜系的指標組合。實驗結(jié)果顯示,以不同的地形特征要素作為面積高程積分分析的地理對象所構(gòu)建的一系列面積高程積分值和積分曲線,能夠有效表達流域整體與局部的地貌形態(tài)與發(fā)育特征；根據(jù)地形特征要素面積高程積分相關(guān)性的差異,所遴選出的“流域邊界-溝沿線-主溝谷”和“流域-溝谷網(wǎng)絡(luò)-主溝谷”兩組參數(shù),可作為分析流域基本形態(tài)特征與發(fā)育進程的基本分析指標。 3.面向空間序列上典型的黃土小流域,分析了面積高程積分的尺度效應(yīng)。從高程分級,DEM分辨率以及地域穩(wěn)定面積三個方面分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：繪制積分曲線時采用100級高程分級既可滿足精度要求,又能保證計算效率；DEM分辨率對面積高程積分的影響敏感性較弱,在不同分辨率條件下積分值基本保持穩(wěn)定；黃土小流域面積超過10平方公里時,面積高程積分達到一定的相似性及地域穩(wěn)定性。 4.分別以空間序列典型樣區(qū)小流域和時間序列模擬小流域為分析對象,討論了面積高程積分譜系的變化特征。研究表明,譜系中的各指標量值在黃土高原地理空間上呈現(xiàn)有序分布；不同發(fā)育階段的模擬小流域也顯示,面積高程積分在時間上具有較好的地貌發(fā)育對應(yīng)性。以黃土高原重點水土流失區(qū)作為研究區(qū)域,所構(gòu)建的面積高程積分多指標系列地圖,反映出黃土高原重點水土流失區(qū)中的大部分小流域雖尚處于地貌發(fā)育過程的壯年期,但仍呈現(xiàn)東西向及南北向在發(fā)育進程上的空間差異性。 論文的創(chuàng)新點總結(jié)為： 首次提出了流域面積高程積分譜系的概念模型與分析框架。面積高程積分曲線序列及屬性序列的有機組合,在流域地貌研究中所呈現(xiàn)的形態(tài)、數(shù)量及過程變化特征,能夠較深刻地揭示流域地貌的外在表現(xiàn)與發(fā)育規(guī)律,實現(xiàn)在地貌學理論與分析方法上的創(chuàng)新�；诿娣e高程積分譜系對黃土高原重點流失區(qū)的研究,從一個全新的視角深入審視黃土高原流域地貌特征及在宏觀上的空間格局特征。該研究也是基于海量DEM數(shù)據(jù)進行區(qū)域地貌研究的一次有益的探索,是GIS數(shù)字地形分析方法的創(chuàng)新實踐。
[Abstract]:Area elevation integral (Hypsometric Integral) is a kind of analysis index has clear physical meaning and geomorphological significance of terrain. As a kind of macro landform analysis indexes and methods, area elevation integral can quantitatively reveal the characteristics of watershed development, but the theory and method system of the analysis needs to be improved. Especially, although previous to the area the integral part of the basin elevation has launched the analysis and discussion, but the indicators and methods based on the systematical research on watershed landform and landscape spatial pattern of the region is obviously insufficient. This paper systematically analyzed the basic concept of area elevation integral, the characteristic attribute, in-depth to explore the influencing factors and classification system based on this. The conceptual model of watershed area elevation integral spectrum, study meaning, elements and methods of analysis. Spectra analysis and information science based on Digital Terrain In the Loess Plateau, soil erosion area, especially the multi typical basin as the study area, based on multi scale digital elevation model (DEM) as the basic information source of watershed area elevation integral spectrum analysis method of watershed topography of the Loess Plateau Based on the gained new understanding of the landform and the spatial differentiation characteristics of loess basin the Loess Plateau has been the key areas of soil erosion landform zoning map of watershed area elevation integral pedigree. Based on the main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
1. based on the basic properties of clear area of Gao Cheng integral, put forward the concept model of basin area of the Gao Cheng integral lineage, especially around the derivative of the various analysis methods, in-depth research and analysis. The study shows that the basin area of the Gao Cheng integral spectrum can effectively supplement the expression of the original area of high integration terrain shape, through the system the internal area of the Gao Cheng basin terrain feature integral expression, to a considerable extent, enriches the theory system and analysis method of area of the Gao Cheng integral.
2. based on the analysis of basin feature, construct the index combined drainage area of Gao Cheng integral spectrum. Experimental results show that the topographical features of different elements as a series of integral area of the Gao Cheng Gao Cheng integral analysis area geographical object constructed value and integral curve, it can effectively express the whole basin and geomorphic features and development local form; according to the difference of terrain features elements of the Gao Cheng integral area correlation, the selected "basin boundary - ditch along the main Valley" and "River Valley gully Network - the main" two groups of parameters, can be used as the basic indicators for the development process and the basic characteristics of the basin.
3. typical for the spatial sequence of Loess Watershed, analyzes the scale effect of area elevation integral. From elevation classification, DEM resolution and regional stability area of three aspects analysis: draw the integral curve using 100 stage altitude classification can meet the precision requirement, and can guarantee the calculation efficiency; the resolution of the DEM effect on the area elevation the integral sensitivity is weak, in different resolution under the condition of integral value remained stable; the area more than 10 square kilometers of small watershed in loess area, elevation points to the similarity and regional stability.
4. small watershed in the typical region of space sequence and time sequence simulation in the small watershed as the research object, discusses the variation of area elevation integral spectrum. The results show that the index value of the spectrum showing ordered spatial distribution in the Loess Plateau; small watershed simulation at different developmental stages also show that the area elevation integral with the development of good correspondence features in time. To focus on the soil loss region of Loess Plateau as the study area, the area elevation integral multi index series map, reflect the Loess Plateau soil erosion of small watershed in the area most is still in the process of landform development period, but still has something to and from north to south in the development process of the spatial differences.
The innovation points of this paper are summarized as follows:
For the first time put forward the concept model and analysis framework of basin area elevation integral spectrum. The organic combination of area elevation integral curve sequence and attribute sequences, presented in the study of basin geomorphology in the morphology, number and variation process, external performance and development rule can deeply reveal watershed topography, geomorphology and analysis to achieve innovation in theory methods. The study area elevation integral pedigree in Loess Plateau Area Based on the loss of focus, an in-depth look at the characteristics of watershed in Loess Plateau physiognomy from a new perspective and spatial pattern on the macroscopic characteristics. A useful exploration of the research is to study regional landform based on massive DEM data, is the practice of innovation analysis method the GIS digital terrain.

【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;P931.1

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