本文關(guān)鍵詞： 落葉闊葉 森林沼澤 雷達影像 遙感識別 群落特征　出處：《東北師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：森林沼澤群落位于生態(tài)交錯帶,屬于隱域性植被,其空間分布格局和特殊的群落特征一直是濕地生態(tài)學領(lǐng)域的研究難點和熱點。本論文旨在為高效獲取森林沼澤資源分布信息及認識群落特征而服務(wù),研究了北溫帶長白山地區(qū)的落葉闊葉森林沼澤的遙感識別研究過程,并對森林沼澤的群落特征進行了初步分析。 根據(jù)森林沼澤的環(huán)境特征,構(gòu)建了整合地形、植被、水文、物候響應(yīng)4個特征量的森林沼澤遙感識別決策樹模型,利用實地調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),對模型識別結(jié)果進行了驗證,并對遙感分類誤差進行了深入分析。在群落水平上,沿著沼澤到森林的環(huán)境梯度,選擇草本沼澤、森林沼澤及典型森林群落,對森林沼澤的群落特征進行歸納總結(jié)和初步分析。主要結(jié)果如下： (1)所構(gòu)建森林沼澤決策樹模型具有很好的遙感識別效果,森林沼澤和平緩森林的遙感分類總體精度為83.6%,森林沼澤制圖精度為85.5%,森林制圖精度為82.3%�；诶走_影像提取的林下水文特征量對整個遙感分類過程的貢獻率最大,物候響應(yīng)特征能有效改善分類效果。整合更多時相的雷達影像,獲取更準確全面的林下水文特征,是森林沼澤遙感識別研究的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。 (2)處于生態(tài)過渡帶的森林沼澤群落,地表環(huán)境要素的異質(zhì)性影響雷達影像遙感分類的效果。地表草本覆蓋為優(yōu)勢特征的沼澤區(qū)和被枯落物覆蓋的森林區(qū),二者雷達影像散射特征的分離性較差,是遙感分類誤差的主要原因。物候響應(yīng)特征有助于提高平緩森林的遙感識別。面向?qū)ο蠓诸愂墙鉀Q環(huán)境異質(zhì)性和像元異質(zhì)性的重要方法,有利于濕地邊界的有效識別和分類效果的改善,是后續(xù)研究關(guān)注的重點內(nèi)容。 (3)林下水文特征及物候響應(yīng)特征量的理想閾值范圍,位于森林沼澤和平地森林相應(yīng)特征量散射系數(shù)分布曲線的交點附近,其中交點值是較為理想的取值之一。若研究區(qū)擁有分類要素充足的訓練區(qū),借助本論文構(gòu)建的模型,有助于快速開展森林沼澤遙感識別工作。 (4)研究區(qū)內(nèi)的落葉闊葉森林沼澤為水曲柳林,群落各層次物種數(shù)的關(guān)系為喬木層灌木層草本層。較森林群落相比,森林沼澤群落木本植物的物種數(shù)較少,均勻度較低。 (5)在森林沼澤群落中,先鋒物種白樺的喜光性最強,優(yōu)勢度顯著的水曲柳耐濕性最高,適應(yīng)性較強的懷槐稍耐陰性。對比森林群落,森林沼澤喬木優(yōu)勢種的喜光喜濕潤性更顯著。 (6)對比草本沼澤、森林沼澤和森林3類群落,群落各層次間的生物多樣性表現(xiàn)為：森林沼澤群落草本層的生物多樣性和物種豐富度均先后高于草本沼澤和森林群落；喬木層和灌木層的生物多樣性和物種豐富度均低于森林群落。森林、森林沼澤、草本沼澤3類群落生物多樣性的總體趨勢為：森林群落森林沼澤群落草本沼澤群落。
[Abstract]:The forest swamp community is located in the ecotone and belongs to the hidden vegetation. Its spatial distribution pattern and special community characteristics have been the research difficulties and hot spots in wetland ecology field. This paper aims to efficiently obtain the information of forest and swamp resources distribution and recognize the community characteristics. The process of remote sensing recognition of deciduous broadleaved forest swamps in Changbai Mountain area of northern temperate zone was studied and the community characteristics of forest swamps were analyzed. According to the environmental characteristics of forest swamps, a decision tree model of remote sensing recognition of forest swamps is constructed, which integrates the four characteristics of terrain, vegetation, hydrology and phenology, and makes use of field survey data. The model recognition results were verified, and the classification error of remote sensing was analyzed in depth. On the community level, the herbaceous swamp, forest swamp and typical forest community were selected along the environmental gradient from swamp to forest. The community characteristics of forest swamp are summarized and analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1) the forest swamp decision tree model has good remote sensing recognition effect. The overall accuracy of remote sensing classification of forest swamp and flat forest is 83.6, and the precision of forest swamp mapping is 85.5%. The accuracy of forest mapping is 82.3. The hydrological characteristics extracted from radar images have the largest contribution to the whole process of remote sensing classification. Phenological response features can effectively improve the classification effect. Integrating more temporal radar images and obtaining more accurate and comprehensive understory hydrological features is the key technology of forest and swamp remote sensing recognition research. (2) in the forest and swamp communities in the ecological transition zone, the heterogeneity of surface environmental factors affects the effect of remote sensing classification of radar images. The surface herbaceous cover is the dominant marsh area and the forest area covered by litter. The separation of the scattering characteristics of the two radar images is poor. Phenological response is helpful to improve remote sensing recognition of flat forest. Object-oriented classification is an important method to solve environmental heterogeneity and pixel heterogeneity. It is beneficial to the effective identification of wetland boundary and the improvement of classification effect, which is the focus of further research. 3) the ideal threshold range of hydrological characteristics and phenological response characteristics is located near the intersection of the scattering coefficient distribution curve of the corresponding forest characteristics in the forest swamp and peaceful land. The intersection value is one of the more ideal values. If the study area has sufficient classification elements of the training area, with the help of the model constructed in this paper, it is helpful to quickly develop the forest and swamp remote sensing identification work. (4) the deciduous broadleaved forest swamps are mandshurian forests, and the relationship of species number at each level is the herbaceous layer of Arbor layer and shrub layer. Compared with the forest community, the species number of woody plants in the forest swamp community is less than that in the forest community. The uniformity is low. Among the forest swamp communities, Bai Hua, a pioneer species, had the highest photoicity, the highest moisture tolerance of Fraxinus mandshurica with significant dominance, and the slightly negative tolerance of Huai Huai with strong adaptability. The dominant species of forest swamp trees are more favorable to light and moisture. Comparison of herbaceous swamps, forest swamps and forest communities. The biodiversity of the forest swamp community was higher than that of the herbaceous layer and the species richness of the herbaceous layer was higher than that of the herbaceous swamp and forest community. The biodiversity and species richness of Arbor layer and shrub layer are lower than that of forest community, forest, forest swamp. The general trend of biodiversity of herbaceous swamp community is forest forest swamp herbaceous swamp community.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P237;P941.78

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