本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地理信息系統(tǒng) 時(shí)間地理學(xué) 時(shí)空信息 時(shí)空路徑 時(shí)空棱柱　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：個(gè)體活動(dòng)時(shí)空信息的表達(dá)與分析對(duì)于理解個(gè)體行為，分析個(gè)體與其他個(gè)體、周圍環(huán)境和社會(huì)資源的相互作用，規(guī)劃時(shí)空活動(dòng)等具有重要意義。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，個(gè)體行為時(shí)空特征的研究受限于時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)的難以獲得和定量分析及可視化工具的不夠完善。GIS、GPS、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)通信等技術(shù)的發(fā)展使解決這兩方面的限制有了改觀。但利用時(shí)間地理工具表達(dá)和分析個(gè)體活動(dòng)時(shí)空信息的理論、方法和應(yīng)用仍然存在諸多不足，包括從實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)到可視化結(jié)果的流程、GIS平臺(tái)中時(shí)空分析模型的開(kāi)發(fā)、行業(yè)中的具體應(yīng)用、對(duì)復(fù)雜地表參數(shù)的分析等。 本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上，從地理信息系統(tǒng)與時(shí)間地理工具相結(jié)合的角度，做了四方面的研究工作。①.研究個(gè)體時(shí)空信息的可視化問(wèn)題。試圖建立起從實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)到可視化結(jié)果的橋梁，并探討時(shí)空信息集成表達(dá)方法在具體行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。②.研究時(shí)空節(jié)點(diǎn)的規(guī)劃問(wèn)題。在多個(gè)個(gè)體參與的時(shí)空活動(dòng)情景中，利用時(shí)間地理工具描述各個(gè)體的時(shí)空制約條件，在綜合考慮活動(dòng)各參與方時(shí)空制約的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)活動(dòng)開(kāi)展的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃和優(yōu)化。③.研究了個(gè)體活動(dòng)潛在時(shí)空范圍的分析與應(yīng)用。在人員搜救場(chǎng)景中，利用時(shí)空棱柱工具定量化地表達(dá)各個(gè)體的時(shí)空制約條件，通過(guò)求解搜救資源與失蹤人員雙方的時(shí)空交集來(lái)確定搜尋范圍和不同資源的搜尋起始線。④.研究了非均質(zhì)地表的時(shí)空棱柱建模。將地表類型的不同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭�(gè)體在不同位置旅行速度的差異，根據(jù)速度矩陣計(jì)算指定象元到其他象元的時(shí)間成本，進(jìn)而構(gòu)建非均質(zhì)地表的時(shí)空棱柱。解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題包括：個(gè)體活動(dòng)時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)的整理與表達(dá)的自動(dòng)化；時(shí)空節(jié)點(diǎn)的規(guī)劃、優(yōu)化與具體應(yīng)用；個(gè)體潛在活動(dòng)范圍的建模、分析與制圖；復(fù)雜地表環(huán)境下的時(shí)空棱柱建模等。 圍繞個(gè)體時(shí)空信息的表達(dá)和分析，本文將GIS與時(shí)間地理學(xué)結(jié)合起來(lái)，試圖拓展其在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用，以幫助理解個(gè)體時(shí)空行為，并對(duì)一些時(shí)空活動(dòng)有更好的監(jiān)督、規(guī)劃和預(yù)測(cè)。時(shí)空信息集成顯示將個(gè)體的時(shí)間和空間信息放置于同一框架下，可視化效果更加綜合、全面；考慮了活動(dòng)各方時(shí)空制約的時(shí)空節(jié)點(diǎn)規(guī)劃有助于活動(dòng)順利展開(kāi)并提高活動(dòng)效率；基于個(gè)體潛在活動(dòng)范圍劃定的人員搜尋區(qū)域更加精確，能有效輔助搜尋資源開(kāi)展工作；基于柵格的非均質(zhì)地表時(shí)空棱柱更加符合實(shí)際情況，擁有較強(qiáng)的可擴(kuò)展性，便于時(shí)空關(guān)系的判讀和權(quán)威制約的表達(dá)。本文的研究解決了一些個(gè)體時(shí)空信息表達(dá)與分析的問(wèn)題，在拓展時(shí)間地理學(xué)的應(yīng)用，，延伸地理信息科學(xué)的內(nèi)涵等方面做了一些工作。
[Abstract]:The expression and analysis of spatio-temporal information of individual activity is of great significance for understanding individual behavior, analyzing the interaction between individual and other individuals, surrounding environment and social resources, planning space-time activities and so on. The study of spatiotemporal characteristics of individual behavior is limited by the difficulty of obtaining spatiotemporal data and the imperfection of quantitative analysis and visualization tools. The development of mobile communication and other technologies have changed the solution to these two limitations. However, there are still many shortcomings in the theory, method and application of using time and geography tools to express and analyze the temporal and spatial information of individual activities. It includes the development of spatio-temporal analysis model in GIS platform from measured data to visual results, the concrete application in industry, the analysis of complex surface parameters and so on. On the basis of previous studies, this paper combines GIS with temporal geographic tools. Do four aspects of research work. 1. Study the visualization of individual space-time information. Try to build a bridge from the measured data to the visualization results. And discusses the application value of spatiotemporal information integration expression method in specific industries. 2. Study the planning of spatio-temporal nodes. In the context of spatio-temporal activities involving multiple individuals. The temporal and spatial constraints of each individual are described by means of time-geographical tools, and the space-time constraints of each participant in the activity are considered comprehensively. Planning and optimization of the time and place of the activities. 3. The analysis and application of the potential temporal and spatial range of individual activities. In the scene of search and rescue of personnel. The spatio-temporal constraints of each individual are expressed quantitatively by using spatio-temporal prism tools. By solving the space-time intersection of search and rescue resources and missing persons, the search scope and the initial search line of different resources are determined. Finally, the spatio-temporal prism modeling of heterogeneous surface is studied, and the different types of surface are transformed into individuals. The difference in travel speed between different locations. According to the velocity matrix, the time cost of assigned pixel to other pixel is calculated, and then the spatio-temporal prism of heterogeneous surface is constructed. The key problems are: the automation of the arrangement and expression of spatio-temporal data of individual activity; Planning, optimization and application of space-time nodes; Modeling, analysis and mapping of individual potential activity range; Temporal and spatial prism modeling in complex surface environment. Focusing on the expression and analysis of individual space-time information, this paper combines GIS with time-geography, and tries to expand its application in real life to help understand individual space-time behavior. And some space-time activities have better supervision, planning and prediction. The spatio-temporal information integration shows that the time and space information of individuals are placed under the same framework, and the visualization effect is more comprehensive and comprehensive. The space-time node planning considering the space-time constraints of the parties is helpful to the smooth development of the activities and the improvement of the efficiency of the activities. The search area based on the potential activities of individuals is more accurate and can effectively assist the search for resources. Raster-based heterogeneous surface space-time prism is more in line with the actual situation and has a strong scalability. The study of this paper solves the problems of the representation and analysis of individual spatio-temporal information and extends the application of time-geography. Some work has been done to extend the connotation of geographic information science.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P208

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