本文關(guān)鍵詞：海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)及利用GPS技術(shù)建立海潮負(fù)荷位移模型研究　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng) 全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(GNSS) 全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS) 精密單點(diǎn)定位(PPP) 全球海潮模型 近海模型 精化 調(diào)和分析

【摘要】：海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)的影響對目前精度要求越來越高的導(dǎo)航定位而言,特別是對于近海區(qū)域高精度定位已成為不容忽視的重要影響因素之一。當(dāng)前對于海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)的研究主要是利用全球海潮模型予以修正,但現(xiàn)有全球海潮模型在公海區(qū)域精度較高,而在近海區(qū)域精度較差,從而影響了全球海潮模型的整體精度。因此,為有效提高定位精度,迫切需要構(gòu)建高精度的海潮模型。隨著全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)的快速發(fā)展,利用全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS(Global Positioning System)技術(shù)反演海潮負(fù)荷,相比傳統(tǒng)利用重力及甚長基線干涉測量,有著全球覆蓋、測站數(shù)多、全天候、成本低等諸多優(yōu)勢,為海潮模型的精化與建立提供了有效的技術(shù)手段,對海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)的深入研究具有重要的理論意義和參考價(jià)值。據(jù)此,本文主要利用GPS技術(shù)開展了海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)及利用GPS技術(shù)建立高精度海潮模型的研究。系統(tǒng)研究了海洋潮汐與海潮負(fù)荷基本理論,針對目前現(xiàn)有海潮負(fù)荷位移模型整體精度較低等問題,重點(diǎn)開展了利用高精度近海資料對全球海潮模型的局部改進(jìn)、及利用GPS精密單點(diǎn)定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)技術(shù)反演高精度海潮模型的研究,提出并建立了多種利用GPS PPP技術(shù)求解海潮負(fù)荷位移模型的新算法,取得了較為顯著的成果。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)通過系統(tǒng)研究潮汐效應(yīng)對沿海區(qū)域高精度GPS精密定位的影響,將現(xiàn)有潮汐改正模型應(yīng)用于香港地區(qū),獲取了潮汐的影響規(guī)律,固體潮影響最大,海潮次之,極潮最小,且三者影響量級分別為厘米級、厘米級、毫米級;潮汐對GPS單天解的影響小于動(dòng)態(tài)解,且潮汐的影響存在明顯的周期變化但不能通過長期觀測完全消除;(2)深入研究了海潮負(fù)荷對衛(wèi)星重力場恢復(fù)的影響,采用FES2004和GOT00全球海潮模型計(jì)算分析了海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)對衛(wèi)星重力場前60階的影響,結(jié)果表明海潮對重力場前35階的影響都超過了重力場恢復(fù)精度,并采用海潮模型差異作為模型精度估計(jì)量,計(jì)算分析了海潮模型誤差對衛(wèi)星重力結(jié)果的影響,揭示出該影響與近海效應(yīng)的影響幾乎相當(dāng);(3)采用高精度近海潮汐資料深入研究了全球海潮模型的精度分布特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)各全球海潮模型在近海區(qū)域均存在精度低的現(xiàn)象,提出利用近海模型對全球海潮模型進(jìn)行局部精化,對比分析了經(jīng)近海模型精化前后的垂直位移與重力結(jié)果,結(jié)果表明利用近海模型對全球海潮模型進(jìn)行精化可提高全球模型的整體精度。(4)針對香港地區(qū)缺少驗(yàn)潮站而無法構(gòu)建高精度近海模型的問題,本文研究并提出了采用GPS三小時(shí)重疊時(shí)段的動(dòng)態(tài)PPP算法獲取香港地區(qū)GPS測站坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列,進(jìn)而結(jié)合調(diào)和分析方法與最小二乘擬合法,有效構(gòu)建了香港地區(qū)高精度區(qū)域海潮模型。(5)提出并建立了將海潮負(fù)荷三維位移影響作為未知參數(shù)直接引入GPS PPP模型中進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)逐歷元估計(jì),并采用調(diào)和分析建立海潮模型的新算法。相比常規(guī)估計(jì)方法,該新算法有效避免了未知參數(shù)過多產(chǎn)生秩虧及降低解算效率等問題。(6)針對GPS定位模式殘余誤差會導(dǎo)致求解海潮潮波參數(shù)需長時(shí)間收斂才能得到穩(wěn)定解等問題,提出并建立了利用全球海潮模型作為先驗(yàn)信息約束的PPP技術(shù)求解海潮負(fù)荷位移模型的新算法。實(shí)例結(jié)果揭示相比常規(guī)PPP技術(shù)附加先驗(yàn)信息約束的PPP算法,可明顯加速各個(gè)潮波收斂速度,有效提高潮波精度,且建立的模型與近海模型精化后的全球海潮模型精度相當(dāng)。
[Abstract]:Navigation and positioning effect of ocean tide loading effect on the accuracy of the higher requirements are concerned, especially for high precision positioning in coastal areas has become one of the important factors that can not be ignored. The current study for the ocean loading effect is corrected using the global ocean tide model, but the existing global ocean models in high seas and in high precision the offshore area of poor accuracy, thus affecting the overall accuracy of the global ocean tide model. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the positioning accuracy, the urgent need to build ocean models with high precision. As the global navigation satellite system GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) the rapid development of the global positioning system GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to inversion of ocean tide loading, compared the traditional use of gravity and very long baseline interferometry, with global coverage, the station number, all-weather, low cost and many other The advantages, provides an effective technical means for the refinement of ocean tide model and establishment, in-depth study of the ocean tide loading has important theoretical significance and reference value. Accordingly, study the establishment of high precision tide model of GPS technology. This paper uses the GPS technology to carry out the ocean loading effect and using the systematic study of ocean tides and tides load the basic theory, aiming at the existing problems of the whole tidal load displacement model of lower precision, are carried out by using high precision offshore data of local improvement of the global ocean tide model, and the use of GPS precise point positioning (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) of high precision inversion of ocean tide model, a new algorithm is proposed and established by GPS PPP technology to solve the tidal load displacement model, has achieved remarkable results. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through the tidal effect system research The impact of coastal area and high precision GPS, the existing tidal correction model is applied to the Hongkong area, obtain the influence law of the tides, the tidal tide impact, the pole tide minimum, and the three magnitude effect were centimeter centimeter, millimeter level; tidal effects on the GPS one day less than the dynamic solution, and the influence of tides obvious periodic variation but not completely eliminated by long-term observation; (2) study the ocean loading effects of satellite gravity field recovery, using FES2004 and GOT00 ocean model calculation and analysis the ocean loading effect on satellite gravity field before order 60, results show that the tide the influence of gravity field before 35 order than the gravity field recovery precision, and the ocean tide model difference as the accuracy of the model estimates, analyses the effect of ocean tide model error on the satellite gravity results calculated reveal The influence and effect of offshore is almost equal; (3) the accuracy of the distribution characteristics of in-depth study of the global ocean tide model with high precision offshore tidal data, found that the global ocean models have low precision phenomenon in the offshore region, the local refinement of the global sea tide model using offshore model, comparative analysis of the vertical displacement with gravity offshore results before and after model refinement, the refinement of the global ocean tide model can improve the overall accuracy of the global model using offshore model. (4) for the Hongkong area lack of tidal stations cannot build high precision offshore model, this paper studies and proposes a dynamic PPP algorithm using GPS for three hours to obtain the overlap period Hongkong GPS station coordinate time series, and then combined with the harmonic analysis method and the least square fitting method, the effective construction of the Hongkong area high precision region tide Model. (5) proposed and established the influence of the ocean loading 3D displacement as unknown parameters directly into the GPS PPP model in real time by epoch estimation, and the harmonic analysis algorithm to establish new ocean tide model. Compared with the conventional estimation methods, the new algorithm can effectively avoid the excessive generation of unknown parameters and reduce the calculation efficiency of rank defect other issues. (6) according to GPS location model of residual error will lead to solving the ocean tidal wave parameters for a long time to get the stable convergence of solution, and proposes a new algorithm using the global ocean tide model as prior information to constrain the PPP technology to solve the tidal load displacement model. The results reveal the PPP algorithm compared to conventional PPP technology additional prior information, the tidal wave can significantly accelerate the convergence speed, effectively improve the accuracy of global ocean tidal wave, the accuracy of the model model and model refinement and the establishment of offshore after It's the same.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P228.4

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