本文關鍵詞：基于GIS的楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水水化學特征及空間規(guī)律研究　出處：《成都理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 紅層地下水 地下水水化學 ArcGIS 地下水循環(huán) 開發(fā)利用

【摘要】：楚雄州屬滇中干旱地區(qū),水資源時空分布極不均勻,資源性缺水與工程性缺水并存,較難集中化利用紅層井開采地下水。楚雄紅層區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件復雜,目前對紅層地下水水化學特征的研究較零散,尚未全面、深入掌握紅層地下水的水化學特征,為了研究楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水水化學特征及空間分布,對研究區(qū)不同類型紅層地下水進行了代表性水樣點的采集,通過Arc GIS軟件建立紅層地下水水化學空間模型,對水化學數(shù)據(jù)可視化,分析楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水水化學的空間分布特征,對楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)研究具有重要參考依據(jù),為楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水有效開發(fā)利用提供建議。通過以上研究,最終得到如下主要成果:(1)楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水分為風化裂隙水、層間裂隙水、溶蝕孔隙裂隙水。在劃分的水文地質(zhì)單元中,牟定盆地、呂合盆地、廣通盆地水文地質(zhì)單元地下水順裂隙或?qū)用鎻搅?受溝谷切割出露泉點向河谷或河流排泄;天子廟、波羅河水文地質(zhì)單元地下水主要為就近補給、就近排泄;南華盆地水文地質(zhì)單元中深部層間裂隙水繞向斜軸,向寺腳底泉點排泄,淺表風化裂隙水順裂隙面徑流,就近補給、就近排泄;楚雄盆地水文地質(zhì)單元淺表風化裂隙水順裂隙網(wǎng)徑流,深部層間裂隙水繞向斜軸向循環(huán),形成承壓水,在溝谷處排泄。(2)通過92組水化學常量組分數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合地質(zhì)剖面,總結(jié)出紅層地下水水化學特征及控制因素:風化裂隙水作為研究區(qū)主要的地下水類型,受環(huán)境影響程度較大,陽離子以Ca2+為主,陰離子以HCO3-為主,礦化度在250~400mg/L之間,水化學類型以HCO3—Ca型為主;層間裂隙水,受巖層性質(zhì)(巖性、單層厚度、相鄰巖層的組合情況)的影響程度大,陽離子以Ca2+為主,陰離子以HCO3-、SO42-為主,當砂巖厚度達100~200m時,其礦化度為500~700mg/L,當厚度達200~300m時,其礦化度為300~500mg/L,地下水類型主要為HCO3—Ca型水和HCO3·SO4—Ca型水;溶蝕孔隙裂隙水,受含水巖組中膏鹽團塊影響程度大,陽離子以Ca2+、Na++K+為主,陰離子以SO42-為主,HCO3-、Cl-其次,礦化度在800~1100mg/L之間,地下水類型主要為HCO3·SO4—Ca型水、HCO3·Cl—Ca型水和SO4—Ca型水。(3)運用AHP層次分析法原理,設置層次模型結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造暢流型指標判斷矩陣,得到水化學組分指標權(quán)重:HCO3-為0.4247,SO42-為0.1161,Cl-為0.0312,K++Na+為0.0555,Ca2+為0.2613,Mg2+為0.1112。(4)利用Arc GIS對所有的信息層進行分析,采用按權(quán)重進行疊加的方法,得出楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水水化學及循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的分布特征:K++Na+離子在各單元的排泄區(qū)及城鎮(zhèn)人口集中的地方,含量(30~70mg/L)較高;Ca2+離子多聚集于各單元的排泄區(qū)(含量140~280mg/L);Mg2+離子集中在各單元的徑流區(qū)(含量60~100mg/L);Cl-離子主要聚集在各單元的排泄區(qū)及含鹽地層中(含量170~380mg/L);SO42-離子主要聚集在各單元的排泄區(qū)(含量350~650mg/L);HCO3-離子主要集中在各單元的補給區(qū)(含量210~700mg/L);p H多為弱堿性;TDS在各個水文地質(zhì)單元的排泄區(qū)及城鎮(zhèn)人口集中的地方,含量(800~1200mg/L)較高;水化學類型以HCO3—Ca型水和HCO3·SO4—Ca型水為主。在南華盆地、呂合盆地、楚雄盆地、廣通盆地單元的地下水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中,地下水從高山補給區(qū)到平原排泄區(qū),呈現(xiàn)出水力坡度由大變小,徑流速度逐漸變慢,集中補給,分散排泄,徑流交替沿途由強變?nèi)醯奶卣?牟定盆地單元,高山補給區(qū)到中部平原排泄區(qū),水力坡度大,地下水表現(xiàn)出徑流速度加快,徑流通暢,地下水交替積極的特點;天子廟、波河羅單元內(nèi)地下水呈現(xiàn)出徑流速度快,徑流途徑短,迅速排泄的特點。(5)通過對楚雄地區(qū)紅層地下水水化學空間分布規(guī)律的分析,結(jié)合研究區(qū)紅層地下水的利用現(xiàn)狀及水質(zhì)特征,提出了有效開發(fā)利用建議:風化裂隙水適合淺井開發(fā),單井獨戶或小規(guī)模聯(lián)戶供水;層間裂隙水適合各種管井開發(fā),深井集中聯(lián)村供水或引泉供水;溶蝕孔隙裂隙水適合中、深管井開發(fā),集中聯(lián)村供水,有條件淺井開發(fā)與風化裂隙水相同。
[Abstract]:Chuxiong is in the arid area of Yunnan, temporal and spatial distribution of water resources is extremely uneven, shortage of water resources and engineering water shortage coexist, difficult to use centralized red layer well exploitation of groundwater. The geological conditions of Chuxiong hydrological red layer area is complex, the current research on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in red beds is scattered, not yet fully grasp. The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in red beds in Chuxiong area, in order to study the red layer of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the spatial distribution of the study area, different types of groundwater in red beds are representative samples collected, the establishment of red layer groundwater water chemical space model through Arc GIS software on water chemistry data visualization, analysis of the distribution characteristics of the red layer the groundwater chemical space in Chuxiong, has an important reference to the research on groundwater circulation system of red layer in Chuxiong area, to provide suggestions for the effective development and utilization of groundwater in Chuxiong area. Through the red layer The above research, finally the main results are as follows: (1) the Chuxiong area red layer of underground water for weathering fissure water, interlayer fissure water, corrosion pore fissure water. In the division of hydrogeological units in mouding Lu basin, basin, Basin wide groundwater hydrogeological unit along the fissure or level of runoff, by cutting out the valley spring valley or river to the point of discharge; the emperor temple, the Baltic river hydrology geology unit groundwater are the nearest supply, the nearest evacuation; Nanhua basin hydrogeological unit deep interlayer fissure water around the syncline axis, to the temple foot spring discharge, shallow weathering fissure water along the crack surface runoff, the nearest supply, the nearest evacuation; Chuxiong basin hydrogeologicalunits superficial weathering fissure water along the fracture network runoff, deep interlayer fissure water around the syncline axial circulation, the formation of confined water in the valley, excretion. (2) data from 92 groups of water chemical constants with the group. Quality profile, summed up the red layer of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and control factors: weathering fissure water as the main type of groundwater in the study area, influenced by environment greatly, cation based Ca2+, anion to HCO3-, the degree of mineralization between 250~400mg/L, water chemistry type in HCO3 - Ca; interlayer fissure water, by the rock properties (lithology, thickness, adjacent strata combination) the influence of cationic, Ca2+ based, SO42- based, HCO3- anions, when the sandstone thickness is up to 100~200m, the salinity is 500~700mg/L, when the thickness of 200~300m, the salinity is 300~500mg/L, groundwater is mainly the type of HCO3 - type Ca water and HCO3 - SO4 - Ca type water; corrosion pore fissure water, by mass of salt water groups in the degree of influence, to Ca2+ Na++K+, cation, anion to SO42-, HCO3-, Cl- second, degree of mineralization in 800~1100mg/L Between the types of groundwater are mainly HCO3 - SO4 - Ca - Cl - HCO3 water, Ca water and SO4 Ca water. (3) using the AHP analytic hierarchy process principle, set up the hierarchical model structure, smooth flow structure index judgment matrix, get the water chemical component index weight: HCO3- 0.4247, SO42- 0.1161, Cl- 0.0312, K++Na+ 0.0555, Ca2+ 0.2613, Mg2+ 0.1112. (4) of all the information layers were analyzed by Arc GIS, by using the method of superposition according to the weight distribution characteristics in Chuxiong area, the red layer of groundwater chemistry and circulation system: K++Na+ ions in each unit of the drainage area and the urban population centres (30~70mg/L), the content of Ca2+ is higher; ions gathered in the discharge area of each unit (content 140~280mg/L); Mg2+ ion concentration in the runoff area of each unit (content 60~100mg/L); Cl- ions gathered in each unit discharge area and salt formation (content 170 ~380mg/L; SO42-) ions gathered in the drainage area of each unit (content 350~650mg/L); HCO3- ions are mainly concentrated in the recharge area of each unit (content 210~700mg/L); P H is weakly alkaline; TDS in the drainage area of various hydrogeological units and local urban population concentration, the content of high water chemistry (800~1200mg/L); type HCO3 - Ca - SO4 - HCO3 water and Ca water. In the South China Basin, Lu basin, Chuxiong basin, groundwater circulation system in the Basin wide unit, groundwater from recharge area to discharge area of mountain plain, showing a stress gradient change from big to small, the runoff gradually slowed down, centralized supply along the way, dispersed excretion, runoff from strong to weak characteristics; mouding basin unit, alpine recharge area to discharge area of the Central Plains, hydraulic slope, groundwater showed runoff speed, diameter of groundwater flow, alternating positive characteristics; the Emperor Luo Po temple, showing a unit of groundwater runoff speed, runoff characteristics of short, rapid excretion. (5) through the analysis of Chuxiong red layer groundwater spatial distribution, combined with the status quo and characteristics of water quality based on red layer of groundwater, and puts forward some effective suggestions on utilization: weathering fissure water for shallow wells, single well single family or small scale household water supply; interlayer fissure water is suitable for all kinds of well developed deep water or spring water supply concentrated village; dissolution pore fissure water suitable for deep tube well development, centralized village water supply, conditions of shallow well development and weathering fissure water.

【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.3;P208

【參考文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 朱春林;滇中紅層地下水富集規(guī)律及開發(fā)利用研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）;2010年

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本文編號：1360381